Cai Shui Di Zi [1986] No.8

　　I. Interpretation of cities, counties, towns and industrial and mining areas

　　A city refers to a city established with the approval of the State Council.

　　County refers to the seat of the county people’s government that has not established an organic town.

　　An established town refers to an established town approved by the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

　　Industrial and mining area refers to the location of large and medium-sized industrial and mining enterprises with relatively developed industry and commerce and relatively concentrated population, which meet the standards of established towns stipulated by the State Council, but have not yet established a town system. Industrial and mining areas where property tax is levied must be approved by the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

　　Two, about the city, the town tax scope explanation

　　The scope of taxation in cities is urban areas, suburbs and counties under the jurisdiction of cities. Not including rural areas.

　　The taxation scope of the towns is the seat of the town people’s government. Does not include the administrative villages under its jurisdiction.

　　III. Interpretation of "People’s Organizations"

　　"People’s organizations" refer to various social organizations established or registered by government departments authorized by the State Council and allocated by the state for administrative expenses.

　　Four, about the "units funded by the state financial department", whether it includes institutions funded by the state financial department and implementing the differential budget management?

　　Although the institutions that implement the differential budget management have a certain income, the part of the income that is not enough for their own expenses will be subsidized by the state financial department. Therefore, the institutions that implement the differential budget management also belong to the units that are funded by the national financial department, and their own occupied properties are exempted from property tax.

　　Five, about the unit funded by the national financial department, the source of funds is self-supporting, is there any tax reduction or exemption?

　　Units that are funded by the state financial department shall be subject to property tax after their sources of funds are self-supporting. However, in order to encourage institutions to stand on their own feet economically, the units funded by the state financial department shall be exempted from property tax for three years from the year when the funds of institutions are self-supporting.

　　Six, on the tax-free units occupied property interpretation

　　The real estate occupied by state organs, people’s organizations and the army refers to the office buildings and official buildings of these units themselves.

　　The real estate occupied by public institutions refers to the business premises of these units themselves.

　　The real estate occupied by religious temples refers to the houses where religious ceremonies are held and the houses used by religious personnel for living.

　　Parks, scenic spots and historical sites for their own use refer to houses for public visits and offices of their management units.

　　The property rented by the above-mentioned tax-free units and the production and business properties not used for their own business are not within the scope of tax exemption, and property tax should be levied.

　　7. How to levy property tax on taxpayers and individuals who use other units’ properties without rent?

　　Taxpayers and individuals who use the property of real estate management departments, tax-exempt units and tax payers without rent shall pay the property tax on behalf of the users.

　　Eight, about the taxpayer whose property is not in one place, how to determine the tax payment place?

　　Article 9 of the Provisional Regulations on Property Tax stipulates that "property tax shall be collected by the tax authorities where the property is located." Taxpayers whose real estate is not in one place should pay property tax to the tax authorities where the real estate is located according to the location of the real estate.

　　Nine, about the factories and warehouses outside the scope of the levy area, can the property tax be levied?

　　According to the provisions of the Provisional Regulations on Property Tax, no property tax should be levied on factories and warehouses that are not within the scope of the levy area.

　　Ten, about all kinds of schools, hospitals, nurseries and kindergartens owned by enterprises, can they be exempted from property tax?

　　Property occupied by schools, hospitals, nurseries and kindergartens run by enterprises can be exempted from property tax by comparing with the property occupied by units allocated by the state financial department.

　　Eleven, about the underground civil air defense facilities for business purposes, should the property tax be levied?

　　In order to encourage the use of underground civil air defense facilities, property tax will not be levied temporarily.

　　12. Should property tax be levied on the property owned by individuals for rent?

　　Personal rental property, regardless of use, shall be subject to property tax.

　　13. Regarding the residential houses owned by individuals, can the area standard be approved by the local authorities and the property tax be levied on the part exceeding the area standard?

　　According to the provisional regulations on property tax, all non-business properties owned by individuals are exempt from property tax. Therefore, all residential houses owned by individuals, regardless of the size, are exempt from property tax.

　　Fourteen, about the rental housing owned by individuals, is the property tax calculated according to the residual value of the property or the property tax calculated according to the rental income of the property?

　　According to the provisional regulations on property tax, if the property is rented, the rental income of the property shall be the tax basis of the property tax. Therefore, individuals renting houses should be taxed according to their rental income.

　　15. How to determine the original value of real estate?

　　The original value of real estate refers to the original price of the house recorded by the taxpayer in the account book "fixed assets" in accordance with the accounting system. If the taxpayer fails to record the property tax according to the provisions of the accounting system, the original value of the property should be adjusted according to the provisions when the property tax is levied. If the original value of the property is obviously unreasonable, it should be re-evaluated.

　　Sixteen, about the damaged uninhabitable houses and dangerous houses, can the property tax be exempted?

　　Appraised by the relevant departments, the damaged houses and dangerous houses can be exempted from property tax after stopping using them.

　　17. Regarding the calculation and payment of property tax based on the residual value after deducting 10% to 30% from the original value of the property, can the deduction range be determined according to the old and new degree of the house? Can the deduction for some houses exceed this provision?

　　According to the provisions of the Provisional Regulations on Property Tax, the specific deduction range and whether to distinguish between the old and new houses are determined separately, and the deduction range can only be within 10% to 30% as stipulated by the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

　　Eighteen, about the real estate of low-profit enterprises and loss-making enterprises, can the property tax be exempted?

　　Property tax is a property tax. Property tax should be levied on the property of low-profit enterprises and loss-making enterprises in accordance with the regulations, so as to promote enterprises to improve their management and economic benefits. However, in order to take care of the actual affordability of enterprises, the local authorities can temporarily exempt the property tax for a certain period of time according to the actual situation.

　　Nineteen, about how to tax new houses?

　　Houses built by taxpayers shall be subject to property tax from the month following their completion.

　　Houses built by taxpayers entrusted by construction enterprises shall be subject to property tax from the month following the acceptance formalities.

　　Taxpayers should levy property tax on newly-built houses that have been used or leased or lent before going through the acceptance formalities.

　　20. Should the property tax be stopped after the enterprise stops production or is cancelled?

　　After the enterprises stop production and cancel, if their original properties are idle, the property tax may not be levied temporarily with the approval of the tax bureaus of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; If these properties are transferred to other tax-collecting units for use or enterprises resume production, property tax shall be levied in accordance with regulations.

　　21. Should property tax be levied on temporary houses on capital construction sites?

　　All temporary houses, such as work sheds, material sheds, rest sheds, offices, canteens, tea stoves, garages, etc., which serve the capital construction site, whether they are built by the construction enterprises themselves or invested by the capital construction units, will be exempted from property tax during the construction period. However, if, after the completion of the infrastructure project, the construction enterprise returns or evaluates the temporary house to the infrastructure unit, the property tax shall be levied in accordance with the regulations from the month after the infrastructure unit receives it.

　　Twenty-two, about the parks, scenic spots and historical sites attached to the business units to use or rent the property, should the property tax be levied?

　　Property tax shall be levied on the properties used and rented by business units attached to parks, places of interest and historical sites, such as theaters, restaurants, tea houses and photo studios.

　　Twenty-three, about the rental of real estate, the lessee repairs it, and does not pay the rent. Should property tax be levied?

　　If the lessee uses the property to pay the repair fee to offset the rent of the property, the property owner of the property shall still pay the property tax in accordance with the regulations.

　　Twenty-four, about the house overhaul period, can be exempted from property tax?

　　If the house overhaul is stopped for more than half a year, the property tax may be exempted during the overhaul period upon the application of the taxpayer and the examination of the tax authorities.

　　Twenty-five, how to levy property tax on houses jointly used by tax payers and tax-exempt units?

　　Houses jointly used by taxpayers and tax-exempt units shall be divided according to their respective parts, and property tax shall be levied or exempted respectively.

In today’s society, the payment of three insurances and one gold is very important for everyone. Correctly handling the payment of three insurances and one gold is not only related to the personal interests, but also affects the future life security.

First of all, let’s take a look at three insurances and one fund, including endowment insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance and housing accumulation fund. For employees, the payment of three insurances and one gold is usually shared by units and individuals.

In terms of payment method, the unit will withhold and remit the part that the individual should bear from the employee’s salary in accordance with the prescribed proportion, and pay it to the relevant departments together with the part that the unit should pay.It should be noted that the unit must pay on time and in full, otherwise it may face legal responsibility.

For individuals, it is necessary to pay attention to their own salary slips and make clear whether the amount withheld and remitted by the unit is correct. At the same time, when changing work units, it is necessary to handle the transfer procedures of three insurances and one gold in time to ensure the continuity of payment records.

Next, we use a table to show more clearly the payment ratio of different types of insurance units and individuals:

It should be noted that the above ratio is for reference only, and the specific ratio may vary due to different regions and policies.

When dealing with the payment of three insurances and one gold, there are the following points for attention:

One is to ensure the accuracy of personal information. Such as name, ID number, etc., so as not to affect the subsequent enjoyment of rights and interests.

The second is to understand the policy differences in different places. Different regions may have different provisions in terms of payment base and payment ratio.

The third is to pay attention to policy changes. With the development of social economy, the policy of "three insurances and one fund" may also be adjusted, so we should know it in time and make corresponding responses.

Fourth, if you are a freelancer or an individual industrial and commercial household, you can also choose to voluntarily pay part or all of the insurance according to your own situation, but you must go through the formalities in accordance with relevant regulations.

In short, correctly handling the payment of three insurances and one gold requires us to have a clear understanding of relevant policies, pay attention to details and protect our legitimate rights and interests.

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　　Dennis Austin put forward at least half of the main design ideas and took full credit for the smooth performance and perfect completion of PowerPoint. "If Dennis wasn’t the one who designed PowerPoint, no one would have heard of it."

　　"It’s easy to laugh at the corporate nature of PowerPoint, but the real story is its participation and democracy. High school students use it, rabbis (Jewish wise men) use it, and people even use it for wedding toasts. "

　　Dennis Austin, inventor of PowerPoint. Image source: Emily Austin

　　On September 1, local time, Dennis Austin, the inventor of PowerPoint, died at his home in Los Altos, California, at the age of 76.

　　According to Washington post’s report on September 8th, Michael Austin, Austin’s son, revealed that the cause of death was the metastasis of lung cancer to the brain.

　　PowerPoint has played an important role in shaping the way of information communication in modern society and has become synonymous with the workplace world. Its amazing popularity, especially the ability to easily create boring and endless presentations, makes it not only a tool that everyone can’t live without, but also a rare cross-cultural symbol. No matter in which country, PowerPoint is easy to be ridiculed and entertained in cultural and artistic works. It also has a household abbreviation: PPT.

　　Everyone can make slides.

　　In 1987, as the digital successor of projector, PowerPoint was released by the software company Forethought. Prior to this, making slides was a labor-intensive task, which was usually assigned to the design department or outsourced. PowerPoint allows anyone who can use a computer to make slides, just click with the mouse and rearrange the information.

　　As a software engineer, Austin cooperated with Robert Gaskins, the Forethought executive who conceived the software, to make PowerPoint easy to operate.

　　"Our users are familiar with computers, but may not be familiar with graphics software." Austin wrote in an unpublished article about the history of PowerPoint development. He made "the content you are editing look exactly like the final product" through the "direct operation interface".

　　PowerPoint was originally called Presenter. At first, it provided users with the functions of merging graphics, clip art and multiple fonts for Apple Macintosh computers with graphical interfaces. Austin wrote that the goal is "to create presentations, not just slides."

　　Gaskins wrote in his book "Sweating Bullets: Notes on Inventing PowerPoint" that "Dennis put forward at least half of the main design ideas" and took full credit for the fluency and perfect completion. "If Dennis wasn’t the one who designed PowerPoint, no one would have heard of it." Gaskins added.

　　A few months after PowerPoint was launched, Microsoft acquired Forethought for $14 million. Microsoft founder Bill Gates was skeptical at first, but finally changed his mind. This project is so huge that Microsoft has set up a new business department.

　　Microsoft finally added PowerPoint to the Office suite, which was released on the Windows operating system in 1990. By 1993, the sales of PowerPoint had exceeded 100 million dollars. Now, users around the world use PowerPoint to create more than 30 million presentations every day.

　　Global users now use PowerPoint to create more than 30 million presentations every day.

　　PowerPoint was rejected by Jobs.

　　However, in the process of becoming an important tool in the workplace, PowerPoint was ridiculed by corporate executives, business school professors and military officers.

　　"I hate the way people use slide shows without thinking." According to Walter Isaacson’s Biography of Jobs, Apple founder Steve Jobs said, "People will face problems by creating presentations. But I want them to get involved and discuss problems on the table instead of showing a bunch of slides. People who know what they are talking about don’t need PowerPoint. "

　　Jobs banned the company from using PowerPoint (but Apple developed its own demo software). Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon, did the same and asked the executives to write a memo to share before the meeting.

　　At the Pentagon, PowerPoint was criticized. "PowerPoint makes us stupid." According to The New York Times, former US Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis said at a military conference in 2010, "We have met the enemy, and he is PowerPoint."

　　"This is dangerous because it will create the illusion of understanding and control." Lieutenant General H.R. McMaster of the US Army told reporters.

　　In 2003, NASA’s committee investigating the disintegration of the space shuttle Columbia found that a PowerPoint slide used "sloppy" and "vague quantitative words" to cover up the "life-threatening" safety problem of the spacecraft. The report said: "The Committee believes that PowerPoint presentation slides are widely used instead of technical papers, indicating that there is a problem with NASA’s technical communication methods."

　　Austin and Gaskins agree with these complaints, but think that they unfairly point the finger at the software, rather than the people who use it for lazy and poor demonstrations. "It’s like a printing press." Austin told The Wall Street Journal in 2007, "It can print all kinds of rubbish."

　　"The real story is participatory and democratic."

　　Austin was born in Pittsburgh, USA on May 28th, 1947. His father runs an executive association, and his mother is a typist and later becomes a housewife.

　　When Austin was studying engineering at the University of Virginia, he used a room-sized computer. Students programmed on the machine to generate punch cards, and then specially trained computer operators entered it into the computer. After the program was running all night, the students came back the next day to check the output.

　　After graduating in 1969, Austin studied for graduate students at Arizona State University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and University of California, Santa Barbara. Subsequently, he worked in companies such as General Electric and Honeywell International.

　　In 1984, Austin was hired by Forethought, a company founded by two former Apple employees.

　　After Microsoft acquired Forethought, Austin continued to lead the development of PowerPoint until his retirement in 1996.

　　Austin’s friends and family said that he never mind jokes about PowerPoint. He is also well aware that the software he invented was used for demonstration purposes far beyond expectations, not only as a proposal, but also as a prop in stand-up comedy performances.

　　In 2005, Austin attended an event at the University of California, Berkeley, when David Byrne, the lead singer of the rock band Talking Heads, gave a PowerPoint presentation to show the use of the software to create art.

　　"PowerPoint is the Rodney Dangerfield of software: it is not respected." Ken Goldberg, the organizer of the event and an engineering professor at the University of California, Berkeley, said. Denzelfeld is an American stand-up comedian who is famous for his self-deprecating witty humor. His famous slogan is "I can’t get respect!" .

　　"It’s easy to laugh at the corporate nature of PowerPoint, but the real story is its participation and democracy. High school students use it, rabbis (Jewish wise men) use it, and people even use it for wedding toasts. " Goldberger said.