□ Legal Daily reporter Chen Dongsheng　

　　□ Legal Daily correspondent Cai Xiangqian Chen Lulu

　　In recent years, with the gimmick of "smoking cessation effect", the new tobacco product IQOS cigarette bomb has become the new favorite of smokers. IQOS is a new type of tobacco product that heats a thin sheet made of tobacco through electronic equipment, commonly known as "smoke bomb" in the market. According to China’s laws and regulations, it is forbidden to sell IQOS in China, but some people "sell dog meat by selling sheep’s head" illegally through the Internet for profiteering.

　　Not long ago, under the guidance and support of Huzhou Public Security Bureau, Nanxun District Public Security Bureau of Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province cracked an illegal business case of selling cigarettes and bombs, arrested six suspects, seized more than 40 IQOS cigarettes and smuggled more than 400 boxes of 120 varieties of cigars, involving more than 5 million yuan. According to reports, this case is the largest cross-provincial illegal business case of IQOS cigarettes and bombs in Huzhou City.

　　It is reported that in March this year, Huzhou Tobacco Monopoly Bureau handed over a clue of illegally operating IQOS cigarettes to the Economic Investigation Brigade of the District Public Security Bureau. The Economic Investigation Brigade immediately set up a task force to carry out investigations and found that buyers all took goods from sellers through WeChat group. The seller’s WeChat nickname was "A professional monopoly IQOS cigarettes", which sold a large number of cigarettes online.

　　After investigation, the police found that there were five micro-signals selling cigarettes at the same delivery point. Behind these micro-signals, there were two people, namely Luo Mowang, 32, and Xu Mouwei, 29.

　　Luo Mowang started to operate cigarette bombs in September 2018. His company adopts the e-commerce plus Wechat business model, that is, adding customers’ WeChat from e-commerce customers (buying e-cigarette peripheral products) for private chat, and then selling illegal cigarette bombs. Each order adopts the mode of forwarding, that is, after collecting and sorting the order, it is sent to the home via WeChat, and the home directly delivers it. One of the employees who sold cigarettes was Xu Mouwei. He found that cigarettes were profitable in the sales process, so he secretly planned to go it alone after getting familiar with them. However, Luo Mowang only sold cigarettes for two months and then stopped selling them. He switched to cigars.

　　In February of this year, after consulting with Luo Mowang, Xu Mouwei bought five WeChat resource numbers from Luo Mowang at a price of 80,000 yuan. Xu Mouwei immediately set up his own business and rented a place in Huli District of Xiamen City to operate cigarette bombs. He bound three micro-signals to his own bank card, and the other two to his spouse Chen Mou Ping’s bank card. And establish a "delivery group", set up 3 laptops to synchronize "office". Chen Mou, the father-in-law, is responsible for packing, posting the express bill, and delivering it to the courier.

　　In this way, Xu Mouwei began to prepare the illegal cigarette bomb business step by step, selling it in the WeChat circle of friends and WeChat group, and five micro-signals operated at the same time. When business is good, you can sell thousands of cigarettes a day.

　　After digging deep into the case, the task force found the illegal sales gang of cigarettes and bombs where Xu Mouwei was located. Based in Xiamen, since October 2018, through Taobao, WeChat circle of friends and other platforms, it has sold tobacco products and cigarettes to customers all over the country by express delivery, thus leading to a national sales network.

　　On May 29th, the task force organized a number of police officers to receive the net under the unified command of the Economic Investigation Detachment of the Municipal Bureau. Going to Xiamen and Anxi, the operation was divided into two groups, and six suspects were arrested on the spot, and a large number of cigarettes and smuggled cigars were seized. Xu Mouwei, Luo Mowang and others were arrested by Nanxun District Branch of Huzhou Public Security Bureau on suspicion of illegal business operation.

　　At present, the case is being further processed.

[The domestic soda ash market price remains stable, and the price difference between East China and Northeast China is significant] Today, the domestic soda ash market presents a stable trend, with small price fluctuations in various places. The price range of light soda ash in East China is between 2150 and 2250 yuan/ton, while the price of heavy soda ash is between 2200 and 2300 yuan/ton. The price of light soda ash in Northeast China is relatively high, ranging from 2250 to 2450 yuan/ton, while the price of heavy soda ash is between 2300 and 2500 yuan/ton. At present, the operating rate of soda enterprises remains stable, and the balance between market sales and production has been reached, thus supporting the stability of market prices. Nevertheless, the resistance of downstream enterprises to high-priced soda ash still exists, which may have an impact on the price trend in the short term. The overall market demand remained stable, and downstream enterprises continued to purchase according to rigid demand. [Price Trend Analysis and Forecast] Based on the analysis of the current market situation, the price of soda ash is expected to remain stable in the short term. Although downstream enterprises have resistance to high-priced soda ash, the possibility of soda ash price fluctuation is low under the background of basic balance between supply and demand in the market. When investing in the secondary market, investors should pay close attention to the changes of supply and demand and the price trend of soda ash market in order to make more accurate investment decisions.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Shenzhen, November 6 (Reporter Zhao Ruixi) Facing the recent irrational fluctuation of Vanke’s bonds, on the 6th, Vanke held a third-quarter performance briefing meeting with domestic and foreign financial institutions. Ye Xinming, member of the Party Committee of Shenzhen State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, said at the meeting that Vanke has long adhered to a sound business strategy and financial policy, and has sufficient security, and there are no financial risks and management risks as rumored. If Vanke encounters extreme situations, Shenzhen SASAC has full confidence, sufficient financial resources and tools to help Vanke actively respond through all possible market-oriented and legal means such as project cooperation, optimizing equity investment structure, bond subscription and coordinating financing of financial institutions.

　　Recently, Vanke’s dollar bonds have experienced problems such as falling par value and rising yield, which have been transmitted to domestic bonds, causing market concerns. Wang Yongjian, a sasac director in Shenzhen, said that Vanke is an important member of the big family of state-owned enterprises in Shenzhen, and will support the development of Vanke in accordance with laws and regulations, and help Vanke keep the bottom line of no operational risks.

　　Ye Xinming said that the Shenzhen State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission fully recognized and trusted the professionalism of Vanke’s team. Vanke has long adhered to a sound business strategy and financial policy and has sufficient security. State-owned enterprises have the strength and ability to support Vanke in preventing and coping with various risks.

　　In addition to making a clear statement, the Shenzhen State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission also put forward specific measures to be taken if Vanke encounters extreme circumstances: including but not limited to accelerating the development and construction of Vanke’s large-scale urban renewal projects through transferee and cooperative development; Improve the liquidity of all kinds of investment real estate held by Vanke through coordination and cooperation; Cooperate with Vanke to optimize the long-term equity investment structure; Actively organize municipal state-owned enterprises to participate in bond subscription in a market-oriented way; Actively coordinate various financial institutions to increase their support for Vanke’s financing.

　　Xin Jie, chairman of Shenzhen Metro, Vanke’s largest shareholder, said at the meeting that Shenzhen Metro will firmly stand with Vanke, and is ready to enrich the "toolbox" to support it, and will release it in an orderly manner according to market conditions to support Vanke. Specifically, it includes: undertaking some urban renewal projects of Vanke in Shenzhen in a market-oriented and rule-of-law manner, helping Vanke to revitalize its bulk assets and inject new liquidity into Vanke. The transaction amount is expected to exceed 10 billion yuan; Choose the opportunity to buy bonds issued by Vanke in the open market to boost market confidence.

　　Vanke management shared the latest operation in the third quarter at the meeting. In terms of cash flow, as of the end of the third quarter, Vanke held 103.7 billion yuan in monetary funds, covering 2.2 times the short-term debt. On the financing level, from January to October this year, Vanke’s new financing amount exceeded 85 billion yuan, of which the average interest rate of domestic new financing was only 3.64%. In the past 14 years, Vanke’s operating cash flow has always been positive. This year, Vanke still achieved positive operating cash flow in the case of 39 new projects in first-and second-tier cities. Vanke has always maintained the normal rolling cash flow management and stress test of the daily and weekly roses, which can know and control the capital situation in real time, and ensure the company’s safety through pre-plans.

　　Yu Liang, Chairman of Vanke’s Board of Directors, said that Vanke has always had confidence in the market, but the recovery of the market needs the joint efforts of three groups of forces: those who can buy, those who want to buy and those who need to buy. The demand for housing is still huge. Since August, many policies supporting reasonable housing demand have been issued in various places, which has created conditions for the release of demand. At present, it is necessary to maintain the stability of the industry through the joint efforts of all parties to restore consumer confidence.

The 2024 Lunar New Year is approaching, and the Spring Festival movies are hot. Films such as Article 20, YOLO and Pegasus 2 have been officially announced, and pre-sale has been started. As of February 1st, Article 20 topped the list with 20,001,700 pre-sales, followed by YOLO with 19,524,500. The total pre-sales box office has exceeded 70 million, which can be said to be a fairy fight.

However, when the Spring Festival movie was in full swing, the low-budget love movie "You Lost by Me" starring Zhang Jingyi of JC-T chose March 8th, and had already started the pre-publicity.

Premiere on March 8, there are good and bad. The advantage is that it avoids the fierce competition in the Spring Festival schedule and may not become cannon fodder. But it also means that the film has lost its powerful chassis during the Spring Festival, and it will be more obvious. In fact, the film was very unpleasant at the first official announcement, and every publicity since then has been criticized.

The unpleasantness of the first official announcement was mainly due to the dispute over the position. From the early casting, all the news came from JC-T, but on the day of the official announcement, there was a bracket behind their names: sorted by initials.

In this way, JC-T was originally ahead of Zhang Jingyi because her initials were ahead of Zhang Jingyi. The man issued a statement saying that there was no content in brackets, while the woman claimed that it was in accordance with the contract official’s announcement. Therefore, the male and female fans are very unhappy. The comment area of the film official blog is full of all kinds of "yin and yang", and they often fight under the marketing number.

In terms of performance and popularity, JC-T is completely ahead of Zhang Jingyi. A work JC-T has "Hunting Crime Picture Book", which ranks in the 2023 Cloud and List Year; Out-of-circle role JC-T has phase liu, and his popularity is riding on all platforms.

But in terms of movies, Zhang Jingyi may be slightly better than JC-T. Although Zhang Jingyi lacks some achievements, she has participated in large-scale films such as 1921, Nobody, and Unfamiliar Life, and has a certain foundation in the film circle. In short, whether the man said "bullying the self-employed by big companies" or the woman said "the male treasure mother really can’t recognize the reality", the film was not peaceful from the day it was born.

After the file was finalized, "You Lost by Me" began the pre-publicity. Tik Tok is a huge platform for passers-by, and all movies and TV series attach great importance to the popularity of this platform. However, the Tik Tok data of "You Lost by Me" is far from other films promoted in the same period, with only tens of thousands of likes. Fans have been arguing about whose performance this film is, but they forgot to pay attention to the quality of the film itself.

There are few films in Reuters, but judging from the released films, the heroine looks ugly, there is a big gap between the actor and the filmmaker, and the plot follows the story of "Youth Pain Literature". It has been more than a month since the official announcement, but the publicity effect is limited, mostly the voice of spit. In addition, the theme is a niche love movie, and the schedule is incomplete. It is really difficult for this movie to achieve good results.

You Lost by Me is the second time that JC-T stepped into the film circle after Mi An 16 years ago. After a lapse of 16 years, JC-T has made great achievements in the field of TV series, and he chose to participate in this small-budget love movie, which shows that he wants to return to the film circle again. If this film is broadcast well, Zhang Jingyi can also take this opportunity to open the gap with other 95 flowers. by going up one flight of stairs, after all, many other 95 flowers are still circling in the TV drama circle.

Therefore, the two leading actors took the film after careful consideration. Judging from the current situation, the box office may not be too high, but it will not affect the future movie path of the two.

Movies are different from TV dramas. TV dramas have room for trial and error in previous episodes, and viewers have more trial opportunities. The movie doesn’t, and once you choose to watch it, you will spend a movie ticket. Moreover, on the big screen, the actor’s face value and acting skills are clearly presented to the audience, and it is clear at a glance that some actors who are not bad at TV dramas will roll over in the movie.

At present, although the box office is not optimistic, it is more influenced by other external and objective factors. JC-T Zhang Jingyi’s acting skills and appearance are good. This film only serves as a stepping stone, which can open the door of the film circle for JC-T again and expose Zhang Jingyi to more film resources, and the follow-up depends on the two people’s own strength. You can keep a good expectation for the future development of the two. After all, the film circle also needs to inject fresh blood, otherwise it will be a pool of stagnant water.

　　Author: Dean, Professor and Doctoral Supervisor of School of Marxism, Tianjin University, and Yan Xiaofeng, Vice President of China Historical Materialism Society.

　　The scientific thinking method is an important aspect of the world outlook and methodology of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, and it is a clear embodiment of the Marxist standpoint, viewpoint and method. In the great practice of the new era, the Supreme Leader General Secretary insisted on the scientific thinking method, made profound thinking and scientific judgment on a series of major theoretical and practical issues related to the development of the cause of the party and the country in the new era, and put forward a series of original new ideas, new ideas and new strategies for governing the country, which promoted the improvement of the thinking level and practical ability of the whole party and provided world outlook and methodological guidance for upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

　　Strategic thinking with far-sightedness and overall situation.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Strategy is to make judgments and decisions from the overall situation, long-term and general trend." Strategic thinking is a kind of thinking ability to plan the overall situation, grasp the fundamentals, focus on the long-term and weigh the advantages and disadvantages. It is a macroscopic, systematic, predictable and competitive thinking activity. Strategic thinking requires correctly grasping and handling the relationship between the whole and the local, the main and the secondary, the present and the future, the goal and the means, the desire and the possibility, the benefit and the cost. Strategic thinking ability is the ability to analyze and solve problems from a global, long-term and macro perspective; It is the ability to focus on the big picture, start small, plan ahead and strategize; It is the ability to grasp the main contradiction, control the changing situation and solve complex contradictions. Strategic issues are of high level, wide area, many contradictions and large variables, which determines that the vision of strategic thinking must be wide. Only by being broad can we have a comprehensive and unobstructed view of the chest; In order to gain insight into the general trend, "not afraid of floating clouds to cover your eyes"; In order to distinguish the distance, the size and the priority.

　　The strategic issue is the fundamental issue of a political party and a country, and being good at strategic thinking is a fundamental requirement. In the new era and new journey, China’s development faces new strategic opportunities, new strategic tasks, new strategic stages, new strategic requirements and new strategic environment, which puts forward new and higher requirements for strategic thinking ability. Upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, building a socialist modern power and building a Marxist political party that has been in power for a long time are all extremely strategic and important topics, which need to be understood and grasped with far-sighted and overall strategic thinking, and are an excellent opportunity to temper and deepen strategic thinking. This requires accurate judgment on the overall strategic situation, clarifying the relationship mechanism of various complicated factors and providing scientific basis for strategic decision-making; Plan scientifically in the overall strategic situation, look at problems, think about problems and solve problems strategically, and formulate strategies and tactics that correctly guide the overall situation; Be good at winning the initiative in the overall strategic situation. If you win strategically, you will win at the beginning. The historical initiative is the strategic initiative first.

　　The strategic thinking of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era is embodied in a series of original new ideas, ideas and strategies for governing the country. To coordinate the overall situation of the great rejuvenation strategy of the Chinese nation and the unprecedented changes in the world in the past century, to coordinate the prevention and control of epidemic situation, economic and social development, and to coordinate development and security. The Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era is a model for observing, thinking and handling problems from the perspective of the forefront of the times and the overall strategic situation, and promoting all work and achieving strategic breakthroughs in grasping the overall strategic situation. The strategic thinking of coordinating major practices is manifested in thinking and planning the overall situation of the great rejuvenation strategy of the Chinese nation in the context of the unprecedented changes in the world in the past century, making full use of the favorable conditions brought by the great changes in the past century to the new journey of national rejuvenation, seeking fortune, taking the lead and opening up new opportunities; It is manifested in adhering to the people first and life first, insisting on external defense input and internal defense rebound, insisting on dynamic zero clearing, constantly adjusting epidemic prevention and control measures according to the situation, and coordinating economic development and epidemic prevention and control to achieve the best results in the world; It is manifested in putting forward the overall national security concept, ensuring high-level security with high-quality development, ensuring high-quality development with high-level security, and making safe development run through all fields and the whole process of national development.

　　Historical thinking of taking history as a mirror and creating the future

　　"Historians, so Mingfu’s way of governing the world is also." History is the best teacher and the most vivid textbook. Historical thinking is a way of thinking that respects history, thinks about history, summarizes historical experience and grasps historical laws. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "When everything goes forward, we must not forget the road we have traveled; No matter how far you go, you can’t forget the past and why you started. " This is a vivid expression of historical thinking. Historical thinking requires linking history, reality and the future, reflecting reality and looking into the future with history, and establishing the concept of the unity of historical continuity and stage, gradualism and leap, continuity and innovation; It is required to grasp the mainstream and tributaries, essence and phenomenon, universality and particularity of history, and to distinguish the differences and connections among them, so as to prevent the tendency of generalizing the whole and taking the last generation as the foundation.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attaches great importance to learning from history, emphasizes historical thinking and demands firm historical self-confidence. The great practice of the new era has put forward a large number of theoretical and practical topics that need to be answered urgently. It is even more necessary to learn from history, create the future, and draw wisdom and strength from history, especially the struggle of the party. As the largest Marxist ruling party in the world, how can our party stand the test of long-term governance, jump out of the historical cycle rate and unite and lead the people to achieve their goals? We must Do not forget your initiative mind, continue to advance, inherit and carry forward the spiritual pedigree with the great spirit of party building as its source, and keep the fine tradition of innocence and sustainability forever. Learning history can be reasonable, and history is a mirror, which vividly shows the laws of history; Learning history can increase trust, and the Communist Party of China (CPC) won the victory of revolution and war under extremely difficult and difficult conditions by the power of faith; Learning history is beneficial to respecting morality. Outstanding figures in the history of the Chinese nation and heroic martyrs in the history of the party have all set up monuments of personality. Learning history promotes practice, and history records the achievements left by pioneers and strugglers, and future generations should create new achievements.

　　To establish historical thinking, an important requirement is to carry forward the historical initiative. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Historical development has its laws, but people are not completely passive in it. As long as we grasp the law and general trend of historical development, seize the opportunity of historical change, follow the trend and work hard, we will be able to make better progress. " Carrying forward the historical initiative spirit in the great practice of the new era is manifested in consciously following the historical laws and promoting historical changes according to historical materialism; It is manifested in a profound insight into the historical trend and a good grasp of the historical trend at each stage; It is manifested in the accurate grasp of historical opportunities, and it is more strategic and plastic to recognize opportunities clearly; Shown in the resolute removal of historical obstacles, the real knife and gun promoted reform.

　　Dialectical thinking of grasping contradictions and promoting transformation

　　The embodiment of materialist dialectics in thinking activities is dialectical thinking mode. Dialectical thinking requires observing things, analyzing problems and solving problems with an objective, developing, comprehensive and systematic view in cognitive and practical activities, and avoiding subjective, static, one-sided, extreme and fragmented thinking modes. The essence of dialectical thinking is contradictory thinking, and the core requirement is to grasp the connection, unity, dependence and transformation of contradictions in the contradiction of various things. Dialectical thinking requires accurately grasping the internal relationship between universality and particularity of contradictions, seeing that universality exists in particularity, and particularity contains universality, not separating them, and embarking on a broad road with universal significance in the exploration of independent and independent ways. Dialectical thinking requires adhering to the unity of two-point theory and key theory, grasping the main aspects of contradictions, while not ignoring the secondary aspects of contradictions, and grasping the transformation of primary and secondary aspects of contradictions in time.

　　When Socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era, faced with many profound and complicated contradictions, it put forward more important requirements for persisting in and making good use of dialectical thinking. In the field of economic construction, handle the relationship between growth rate and development quality. In the field of political construction, we should properly handle the relationship between the form and content of socialist democracy, develop people’s democracy in the whole process, and realize the organic unity of democratic form and content. In the field of cultural construction, we should properly handle the relationship between advanced socialist culture, revolutionary culture and Chinese excellent traditional culture, promote the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese excellent traditional culture, and unify it with Socialism with Chinese characteristics culture. In the field of social construction, we should properly handle the relationship between economic development and social stability, support long-term social stability with rapid economic development, and ensure rapid economic development with long-term social stability. In the field of ecological civilization construction, we should properly handle the relationship between protecting the ecological environment and developing productive forces, adhere to Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, and never exchange temporary economic growth at the expense of the environment.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has made many important expositions on adhering to dialectical thinking, which is full of the wisdom of materialist dialectics. For example, it is required to correctly handle the relationship between efficiency and fairness in solidly promoting common prosperity, and it is emphasized that common prosperity is the common prosperity of all people, the material and spiritual life of the people, not the prosperity of a few people, nor is it uniform egalitarianism. Another example is to correctly handle the relationship between vitality and order in socialist modernization. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "A modern society should be full of vitality and good order, showing the organic unity of vitality and order." An important requirement for coordinating vitality and order is that between management and release, we should be free to put it back and forth according to time, place and situation.

　　Innovative thinking that dares to explore and lead the times.

　　"the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Resolution on the Great Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party’s Centennial Struggle" points out: "Innovation is an inexhaustible motive force for the development and progress of a country and a nation." Human practice is a process of constant innovation, and innovation is the essence of practice. Innovative thinking is the way of thinking to pursue innovation, guide innovation and promote innovation. On the basis of conventional thinking and problem solving, innovative thinking dares to go beyond convention, open up new paths and put forward new creative ideas. Innovative thinking has broken through the general level of understanding, found the connection between things that have not been discovered before, and found a breakthrough in innovation in the fields that are used to it. Innovative thinking is not only a reflection of the objective world, but more importantly, it is to build new things and new methods by thinking. Innovative thinking is not arbitrary and groundless, but opens up possible creative space between reality and impossibility. Innovation originates from problems, and innovation exists in the process of solving problems. Innovative thinking requires never being rigid and stagnant, getting rid of ruthlessness and rigid thinking, breaking the shackles of experience, books and authority, being the first and pioneering.

　　Contemporary China is experiencing the most grand and unique practical innovation in human history. Such times conditions will inevitably call for innovative thinking, and it is also necessary to strengthen innovative thinking. The great changes in the world in the past century are unprecedented, and the strategic opportunities and risk challenges in the critical period of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation are unprecedented. Only by grasping this "most grand and unique" object with innovative thinking, constantly promoting theoretical innovation and putting forward original ideas in the new era and new journey can we lead the great practice in the new era and achieve the goal. Promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese modernization embodies Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s innovative thinking in the new era, which transcends western modernization models and standards. Building a community of human destiny has become a clear banner leading the trend of the times and the direction of human progress, which reflects the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s innovative thinking in answering the question of "Where is the world going?".

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "Insist on emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, and being upright and innovative." This embodies the essence of innovative thinking in Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, which runs through the supreme leader in the new era. The expression of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts and being upright and innovative not only integrates the more prominent spirit of being upright and innovative with the spirit of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts in the new era, but also forms innovative thinking with the connotation of the new era. Emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts all require integrity and innovation, which should be reflected in integrity and innovation; Adhering to the principle of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, while emphasizing emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, is to maintain mutual connection and transformation between upholding integrity and innovation, enriching the connotation of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts.

　　Adhering to the unity of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, being upright and innovating embodies a historical thinking, that is, persisting in inheriting and carrying forward the party’s historical experience, and continuing to write a new chapter in history, which is a reflection of a high degree of historical consciousness and confidence; It embodies a dialectical thinking, that is, the unity of materialism and dialectics, respect for reality without rigidity, the unity of epistemology and values, the unity of integrity and innovation, which is the premise of innovation and the pursuit of integrity; It embodies a kind of practical thinking, which is to adhere to the problem-oriented and focus on solving contradictions; It embodies an innovative thinking, that is, accurately recognizing changes, scientifically adapting to changes, and actively seeking changes to create more impressive human miracles.

　　Rule of law thinking of governing the country according to law and modern governance

　　The rule of law is the basic way of governing the country. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "The fact of the development of human society proves that governance according to law is the most reliable and stable governance. We must be good at using the rule of law thinking and the rule of law to govern. " The root of the rule of law thinking is that any organization or individual must respect the constitutional legal authority and must not have the privilege beyond the constitutional law; Activities within the scope of constitutional law are never allowed to substitute words for laws, suppress laws and bending the law in any form under any pretext; In exercising rights and performing duties or obligations in accordance with the constitutional laws, there can be no laws that are not complied with, the law enforcement is lax, the justice is unfair, and the law is not investigated.

　　The supreme leader’s thought of rule of law profoundly answers a series of important questions, such as why and how to govern the country in an all-round way in the new era, and contains extremely rich and profound thinking of rule of law. Strengthening the thinking of the rule of law is an inevitable requirement for comprehensively promoting the rule of law. To promote the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity, the basic project is to build a China ruled by law. The rule of law and the rule of man is a basic problem in the history of human political civilization, and it is also an important problem that all countries must face and solve in the process of realizing modernization. The rule of law prospers the country, and the rule of law declines the country. Entering a new era, ruling the country in an all-round way according to law plays a more prominent role in the overall work of the party and the state.

　　The most important thing to strengthen the rule of law thinking is to seize the "key minority" of leading cadres. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "Leading cadres should transform their respect for the rule of law and reverence for the law into ways of thinking and behavior, so that they can think, make decisions and do things under the rule of law, not outside the rule of law, not above the rule of law." Leading cadres at all levels should have awe of the law, keep in mind that the legal red line is insurmountable and the legal bottom line is untouchable, take the lead in respecting and fearing the law, take the lead in obeying the law, defend the rule of law, and take the lead in enforcing the rule of law and doing things according to law. Leading cadres should also be good at usage and consciously improve their ability to use legal thinking and the rule of law to deepen reform, promote development, resolve contradictions, maintain stability and cope with risks.

　　Guard against risks and master active bottom line thinking.

　　It is an important principle of our party to strengthen the sense of hardship and be prepared for danger in times of peace. The sense of hardship is the premise of bottom line thinking, which takes the object of hardship as the bottom line. "The wise guard against disasters before they sprout, and the wise plan for the future." The bottom line thinking grasps the boundary of the nature of things, keeps the nature of things unchanged, prevents the breakthrough of the bottom line, and tries its best to hold the bottom line. Adhere to the bottom line thinking, that is, objectively understand the boundaries of things, seek truth from facts, analyze specific situations, and accurately determine the boundaries of reality; Everything is prepared from the disadvantages, strive for the best results, seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, and firmly grasp the initiative; On the premise of not missteping, missteping or losing, we should focus on creating more development space, faster development pace and more development benefits; Know the harm that may be caused by breaking the bottom line, be prepared, prevent problems before they happen, lay out in advance, and be calm; Grasp the general trend, control risks, grasp the overall situation, and be mentally prepared to deal with the most severe situation.

　　The new era emphasizes the bottom line thinking, which is an inherent requirement to deal with major risk challenges. The more the historical process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation advances, the more "black swan" and "grey rhinoceros" incidents will occur, and the more we should be prepared to deal with unpredictable risks and challenges with great uncertainty in time. Therefore, we must always keep a clear head, tread on thin ice, improve the plan to deal with various risk challenges, and "think about it before it happens", and never make strategic and subversive mistakes on major issues. With a highly conscious bottom line thinking and corresponding countermeasures, even if storms and stormy waves come, they can survive and get by. Bottom-line thinking is a necessary condition for turning crisis into opportunity and turning crisis into safety. Only by always being vigilant and cautious can we effectively deal with the crisis when it occurs. Everything is transformed into each other under certain conditions. It is precisely because of the shortcomings, strong and weak items, solid floor, and strong advantages that the disadvantages can be turned into advantages and disadvantages into advantages.

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that the bottom line thinking has far-reaching strategic considerations, and pointed out: "We should prevent and control all kinds of risks, but we should focus on preventing and controlling the overall risks that may delay or interrupt the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. This is the fundamental meaning that I have always emphasized." Realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the unswerving goal of generations of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people and the historical mission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people in the new era. Now, the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered an irreversible historical process. We are closer, more confident and capable of achieving the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation than at any time in history, and we must also be prepared to make more arduous and arduous efforts. In the critical period of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we should not only push forward the new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and March towards the goal of the second century, but also stabilize, defend and strengthen the bottom line, firmly safeguard the security of state power, system and ideology, and strictly guard against and severely crack down on infiltration, sabotage, subversion and separatist activities by hostile forces.

Looking for a changing moat

? ID：business-data school (id: business-data)

Author | Huang Xiaoyi

Edit | zhou wenbin

"The rookie will not hesitate to subsidize, but also make home delivery."

At 10 o’clock in the evening, Fang Kai (a pseudonym), the owner of the post, was still sorting out the express mail. One week before the pre-sale of the Double Eleven, he told the Business Data School that two days ago, he had just been called to talk by the city manager of the station, and the main purpose was to persuade him to participate in the "door-to-door" activity of the station.

"Be a carrot and stick to me. Soft told me that door-to-door delivery can make the station earn more; Tell me hard that if I don’t do it well, I may turn off the system use right of the station in March next year and let the capable people do it. " Fang Kai was finally persuaded. "It is said that this area called me a post station to go to the meeting, probably because I wanted to try it from me."

Fang Kai was told that the courier subsidy for home delivery will fluctuate according to the number of pieces delivered. "If you complete 80% of the target quantity, there will be 1.80 yuan (single piece), and the highest can be 2.50 yuan, but only from November 1 ST to 20 th, and then it will be restored to 1.20 yuan."

One dollar and eighty cents. What’s the concept?

Every time the courier delivers a courier to the post, he has to pay the post 3~5 gross, and the specific amount is negotiated by the post and the courier, which is also the main income of the post. 1 yuan’s subsidy of 80 cents directly increased the revenue of single express delivery of the post station by more than 4 times.

If you make money, someone will do it Now, Fang Kai has quickly recruited a full-time long-term employee who will be responsible for door-to-door delivery.

▲ The picture comes from the Internet.

The double eleven has not yet arrived, and the logistics preparation has been quite hot.

On October 10th, the online rookie will set up "Rookie Direct Delivery Technology Co., Ltd." in double 11, specializing in express delivery. Although the rookie official later denied this rumor, it announced on October 10 that this year’s Double Eleven will be the most vigorous implementation of "door-to-door delivery": the rookie direct delivery and joining the station will be the main transportation capacity, and 100,000 short-term workers will be employed. All Tmall and Taobao Express can make an appointment for door-to-door delivery. As early as the rookie open week in July this year, rookie CEO Wan Lin took "home delivery" as the top five tasks of rookie this year.

The debate about "whether delivery should be delivered to the door" has been endless in the past two years. Last year, the news that "an old man died suddenly while carrying heavy objects by himself" also caused a lot of discussion.

The "Provisional Regulations on Express Delivery" is also final, requiring that express delivery should be delivered to the receiving address. Face-to-face acceptance is the right of the recipient, and it cannot be stored at the storage points such as post stations and express cabinets without permission.

Although JD.COM, SF Express and Tmall supermarkets have all implemented door-to-door delivery, rookie has officially joined the ranks since last year. However, because the express delivery volume is always much higher than the number of couriers, there are many chaos in the terminal delivery link with "outsourcing couriers" as the main force, and a large number of express mails are delivered to post stations and express cabinets without notice. Just in September, SF also posted a hot list for several days because of the news that a mobile phone with a value of 11,000 yuan was lost in transit and only paid 1000 yuan. A few days later, SF announced that "if it is delivered to the door, it will be paid if it is not delivered".

The last mile of logistics industry is not only forced by industry trends and supervision, but also adapted to the service competition between long-distance logistics and instant delivery.

However, for logistics companies, strengthening the distribution service of terminal logistics is only one of the means, and more hope is behind it to incite "supply chain management", so as to earn more service fees from merchants, and further deepen the service binding between e-commerce platform and merchants.

The logistics war, to some extent, is also the embodiment of the further fierce competition of e-commerce platforms. In this special double eleven this year, "rolling up the service" has become a consensus.

01

The last mile is the farthest distance?

"Hello, I left your courier at the rookie station, please take it." Liu Yi (a pseudonym), the courier brother, is moving a piece. For the customer who delivered the note to the door, he made a phone call to communicate the situation. "Because of the epidemic, it is now contactless delivery. If it is to be delivered to the door, I can only deliver it to the door of the community, so in contrast, they are willing to let me put the rookie station."

"door-to-door delivery" is the most subtle terminal blood vessel of logistics, which has always been full of obstacles.

"If it is delivered to your door, it will be too much trouble." Liu Yi said, "Now the courier brother is short of manpower. One person has to send so many couriers a day, and it is impossible to connect."

Liu Yi can deliver 500 to 1,000 orders a day, most of which are delivered to the post station near the community. One order pays 40 cents for the post station, and its own income is about 50 cents. "We don’t have a basic salary, and we rely on the single quantity. The monthly salary is almost 8,000 yuan. When it is more, it can be 12,000 yuan, but it will be a month after 8 o’clock in the evening."

For couriers, the improvement of door-to-door service has not brought about the improvement of their unit price, but has reduced the efficiency of sending orders.

The courier end has been difficult to break through, so the "last mile" delivery task falls on the post station.

Mr. Chen, who has joined the station for three years, told the business data school that this new activity of the Double Eleven was more developed for the station. "We received the notice of the activity in the system. If we want to participate, we need the station to deliver it by ourselves, not the courier brother."

▲ The picture comes from the Internet.

Lao Chen explained that in the past, according to his own situation, the number of daily home deliveries was set, and 10 orders could be delivered in one hour, and a single subsidy was about 1.8 yuan. He once hired a part-time delivery for a short time, and delivered it for half a day. The last month’s salary was 3,200 yuan, which was basically offset by the subsidy. During the Double Eleven period, the post office wanted to participate in the activities, which could not be delivered at all. It was troublesome to hire people and could not earn too much. "It is better to keep your own small post office."

As franchisees, many post stations are individual shops and couples shops, but there are still some problems such as shortage of staff and limited professionalism. The promotion of their services depends entirely on the subsidies of Tiantong and Taobao.

But this is not a problem for the rookie family. At the end of the distribution, whether it’s Fengwang by SF Express, Crowdsourcing by Dada by JD.COM, or a rookie’s post station, it is spread out at a lower cost and faster speed by joining, outsourcing and crowdsourcing.

On the whole, the courier is too busy to deliver the goods to the door, and the post station has no cost-effective delivery. The whole thing seems to be caught in a strange circle here, but it is not without breaking points.

According to this year’s subsidy, Fang Kai’s post office currently stores 800 express deliveries every day, and Tmall and Taobao express deliveries account for 30% of them. If all of them are delivered to the door, a single subsidy will be 2.50 yuan, and an extra income will be 600 yuan every day.

"I plan to give most of the subsidies to the newly recruited employees and earn a few cents myself, otherwise no one will do it. And for me, subsidies are not the most important. " Fang Kai explained that the profit of the express delivery fee is far less than that of the delivery, and the receipt can earn 3-5 yuan, which is three times that of the delivery.

"According to the rookie, the most difficult thing for us to deliver goods to our door is to maintain the building code, that is, to divide the express delivery according to which building, which floor and which number in which community, and then send it in groups, which is almost there." Fang Kai told the Business Data School, "And what makes me very confident is that the rookie said that if no one receives it, they can put it directly at the door of the owner. As long as they scan the electronic free bill and take the house number, they will lose all the pieces."

As the only "invited" post station in the whole area, Fang Kai also saw more "small abacus" of the rookie.

Through door-to-door, the post station can take the initiative to approach the residents and serve them. After establishing a trust relationship with each other, "the income from receiving a single order is 3~4 yuan, which is three times that of delivery. Moreover, anything can be done with customer resources, such as the strongest post station here, which relies on group buying for hundreds of thousands a month. "Fang Kai added.

When the rookie station in the community really becomes a convenient living point, the rookie station can expand its business, seek more service space, and use community resources to develop projects such as receiving goods, group buying and laundry. Not only is there no need for subsidies, but there is even extra "commission" income.

The last mile of business has great possibilities.

02

C-end chips are cashed at B-end.

What is the end delivery grab?

Fang Kai told the Business Data School, "This activity is to catch Taobao’s own users. The express delivery of other e-commerce platforms is put in our station, and we don’t send it. We only send Tmall and Taobao. This is the best publicity. " In addition, the last mile, as the end closed loop, is a supplement to the full link service, which will also affect the choice of platform and logistics for merchants.

This conclusion is also supported by data. Wan Lin shared at the rookie open week in July: "The data shows that direct delivery of rookie has become the TOP3 reason for users to choose Tmall. Consumers who have experienced direct delivery of rookie have increased their repurchase rate by more than 30 percentage points."

It can be seen that this year’s double eleven rookie’s massive door-to-door activities are actually limited to Tmall and Taobao Express. Therefore, in essence, the last 100 meters of express delivery is not only the competition of express delivery, but also the service dispute, repurchase dispute and data dispute of e-commerce. Because the last 100 meters increasingly affect consumers’ decision-making, it has become the focus of competition between e-commerce platforms and logistics.

Of course, express delivery companies also have more practical interests, and the "volume service" is ultimately to compete for the supply chain warehousing service behind the merchants.

The so-called supply chain warehouse allocation mainly means that logistics companies realize full custody through digital supply chain management system and warehousing and distribution facilities. Merchants only need to put goods in storage, and the platform is responsible for the whole process from ordering, goods delivery, transportation, distribution to receipt. For medium and large businesses, it is also possible to distribute goods in advance through sales forecast, so as to realize nearby warehousing and delivery, improve turnover rate and arrival time, and reduce costs.

▲ The picture comes from the Internet.

Through the improvement of the end service quality to the whole link, the courier company will have more chips to win over the B-end customers.

At present, supply chain service has become the core income of logistics leaders.

According to the forecast of Zhuozhi Consulting, the market scale of integrated supply chain logistics service industry will increase from 2.0 trillion yuan in 2020 to 3.2 trillion yuan in 2025.

According to the financial report data, in the second quarter of 2022, JD.COM’s revenue from providing integrated supply chains to customers reached 20.2 billion yuan, accounting for 64.9% of the total revenue; The rookie’s latest financial report shows that the income growth comes from the logistics performance solutions and value-added services of domestic retailers; SF Express’s 2022 semi-annual report shows that its supply chain and international branch revenue reached 47.545 billion yuan, accounting for 36.5% of the total revenue, up 440.87% year-on-year.

The vast market, amazing revenue capacity and the market share of the international supply chain can be said to be a new blue ocean of logistics.

In order to compete for this mineral deposit, JD.COM, Shun Feng and the rookie Eight Immortals crossed the sea, showing their magical powers.

As early as 2013, JD.COM started to build its own logistics team, and firmly grasped the warehousing. As of June 30, 2022, JD.COM has operated more than 1,400 warehouses, with a total management area of about 26 million square meters. Based on this, JD.COM started intelligent warehousing early, and took the lead in launching the next-day and hourly goods zones, which enabled e-commerce to compete with local life delivery.

JD.COM’s supply chain customers cover six major industries, namely FMCG, household appliances and furniture, clothing, 3C, automobile and fresh food, and continue to "cultivate" from the head to the waist of the industry. This year, it continues to develop package supply chain services for eight sub-industries, including wine, snack food, maternal and child, and beauty. Among them, FMCG is the industry with the highest proportion of income in JD.COM’s external integrated supply chain.

In September, JD.COM also reached a cooperation with Dongfang Selection to provide integrated services of flexible conversion between single warehouse and multi-warehouse modes, sales forecast, intelligent replenishment and capacity matching, warehousing and acceptance.

SF, as an old-fashioned quality service provider, is the largest cargo airline in China, with aircraft size, number of routes and various heavy assets of pilots that are difficult to surpass in the short term. At present, SF’s business has expanded to the logistics sectors such as time-limited express delivery, economic express delivery, express delivery, cold transportation and medicine, express delivery in the same city, international express delivery, international freight and agency, supply chain, etc. By the first half of 2022, the number of active monthly corporate customers had reached 1.75 million. In the construction of supply chain, SF Express is also finely customized according to industrial manufacturing, commercial circulation, agricultural products (000061) upstream, food and medicine cold chain, international trade, local life and other fields.

SF is an "old giant", JD.COM has the first-hand advantage, while the rookie has the advantage in the e-commerce market. The Tmall, Taobao data and merchant resources held by the rookie have become the key help for its involvement in the market.

Under the M2C trend of the whole Amoy Department, the rookie backed by 1688 factory resources cut into the white brand factory earlier and took the lead in transforming the supply chain of the industrial belt.

Domestic factories mainly appear in the form of industrial belt clusters, and transforming industrial belt warehouses can release higher efficiency and vitality. As of July this year, Cainiao has opened 70+ Cainiao production warehouses in 30+ industrial zones, and 80% of the industrial zone factory parcels sent from Cainiao production warehouses can arrive every other day. The average storage cost of warehouse merchants is reduced by 30%, and the inventory turnover rate is increased by 20%-60%.

Take the mobile phone case industry in Dongguan, Guangdong Province as an example. Merchants can directly move the production link into the rookie production warehouse, and store the semi-finished product "clear water case" in the warehouse. After the consumer places an order to select a specific painting pattern, the manufacturer completes the final painting process in the warehouse, avoiding blind production and reducing inventory through personalized customization, which not only can reach the next day, but also makes it possible for the mobile phone case to be "4 pieces and 8 packages".

Integrated supply chain is the iteration and reengineering of the whole commercial logistics process, and it is also the key match point for JD.COM, SF Express and Rookie in the second half of logistics.

Whether it is the last mile of service enhancement or the deepening of the value of the integration of supply chain warehouse and distribution, the logistics industry has been upgraded again.

– FIN –

Nancaihao creator of the year 2021

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Received Baidu Baijia Kunpeng Plan, Tencent Stars Plan and Today’s Headline Qingyun Plan for many times.

This article first appeared on WeChat WeChat official account: Business Data School. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.

　　On December 21st, the Implementation Opinions of the General Office of Beijing Municipal People’s Government on Deepening Reform and Promoting the Healthy Development of Taxi Industry and the Implementation Rules for the Management of Online Booking Taxi Service in Beijing were officially released. From now on, the behavior of non-Beijingers engaged in online car rental was stopped.

　　In the future, the online car operating on the streets of Beijing must be a Beijing license car driven by Beijingers. Both the car, the driver and the online car platform must hold a "certificate" to work. On December 21st, the Implementation Opinions of the General Office of Beijing Municipal People’s Government on Deepening Reform and Promoting the Healthy Development of Taxi Industry (hereinafter referred to as the Implementation Opinions) and the Implementation Rules for the Management of Online Booking Taxi Service in Beijing (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) were officially released. It is understood that after public consultation, the two documents finally made 117 detailed revisions.

　　From now on, the behavior of non-Beijingers engaged in the network car was stopped, and the network car also had a disciplinary exit mechanism for the first time. At the same time, the city has given a five-month transition period, which is convenient for drivers and network car platforms that meet the standards to submit applications and accept assessment. The relevant person in charge of the Municipal Transportation Commission said that the new regulations are not to curb the development of the network car, but to encourage the coordinated development of the cruise car and the network car, implement dislocation and differentiated operations, and build a diversified and differentiated service of the super-large city passenger traffic pattern.

　　Network car drops entry threshold

　　After collecting public opinions, in the end, the Implementation Opinions and the Detailed Rules were revised in 77 places and 40 places respectively. The entry threshold of the network car has dropped slightly, but the safety standard has been improved.

　　The original standard for car rental on the Internet was "vehicle displacement not less than 2.0L or 1.8T" and "vehicle wheelbase not less than 2,700 mm", and this time it was adjusted to "displacement not less than 1.8L" and "vehicle wheelbase not less than 2,650 mm". Although the wheelbase threshold is only shortened by 50 mm, some compact cars will be able to join the ranks of the network car. Insiders explained that the wheelbase is long and the vehicle is comfortable to ride, and the rear passengers will not feel their legs curled up. Generally, the wheelbase of medium-sized cars is 2700 mm to 2850 mm, and that of compact cars is 2550 mm to 2700 mm.

　　At the same time, the regulations for 7-seat passenger cars have also cancelled the restrictions on the length of the car.

　　The safety factor of the network car will be improved. For example, it is more clearly stated in the new regulations: "Vehicles are equipped with fixed vehicle-mounted satellite positioning devices and emergency alarm devices with driving record function, which can send location information to the supervision platform and public security organs in real time, and send alarm information to public security organs in real time."

　　Drivers are limited to "not reaching the statutory retirement age"

　　Some contents have also been added in this new regulation. One of them clarifies that "non-operating vehicles of government agencies, enterprises, institutions and social organizations are not allowed to engage in network car operation".

　　At the same time, the freight rate of the network car has also been revised to "reasonably determine the pricing method of the meter, and there must be no unfair price behavior."

　　In addition, the original age limit for online car drivers was changed from "men under 60 years old and women under 55 years old" to "not reaching the statutory retirement age". This statement is more rigorous as the retirement age may be extended in the future.

　　Dynamic adjustment of taxi total amount

　　With the standardized management of online car, will the total number of taxis increase in disorder? It is mentioned in the "Implementation Opinions" that the city should implement the strategic positioning of the capital city, comprehensively consider the population, economic development level, air quality, urban traffic congestion, public transport development level, taxi mileage utilization rate and other factors, reasonably grasp the taxi capacity scale and its sharing ratio in the urban comprehensive transportation system, and establish a dynamic monitoring and adjustment mechanism.

　　The city will evaluate the total taxi scale, prepare the development plan and implementation plan of the taxi industry, and implement it after being approved by the municipal government.

　　The contents that have been widely discussed, such as money and retirement years, have also appeared in the "Implementation Opinions" in black and white. The right to operate the parade car will be limited in time, and the business entity will not be changed without authorization, which is also written for the first time. The Municipal Transportation Commission said that the city will insist on the free use of the vehicle management right, and the period of the cruise vehicle management right is the same as the vehicle scrapping period; The existing contract gold standard or quota task is too high to be reduced. At the same time, the city encourages large-scale corporate operation, and encourages cruise vehicle operators to integrate resources through mergers and reorganizations to achieve the integration of new and old formats.

　　Hot question answering

　　1. Why can only Beijing people and Beijing cars?

　　The most direct reason is that this is the requirement of treating "urban diseases" and relieving non-capital functions. Taxi is not only a window industry in the capital, but also a labor-intensive industry, which obviously does not meet the requirement that urban employment will mainly focus on high-end service industry and high-tech industry.

　　In addition, the number of motor vehicles in this city has reached more than 5.7 million, and traffic congestion has spread from the core area of the city. In recent years, the city has continued to implement the motor vehicle demand management measures of total motor vehicle regulation (shaking the number to get a license) and limiting the number at the end of the working day, and has also implemented restrictions on non-Beijing citizens buying cars and vehicles from other places entering Beijing.

　　2. Is the entry threshold too high?

　　Many cities have put forward clear standards for the displacement and wheelbase of online car, which is the need to ensure operational safety and improve service quality. At the same time, this move will enable the network car to meet the requirements of high quality and differentiated services.

　　The revised new regulations fully consider the factors such as vehicle power, handling, safety, appearance and configuration, and are also conducive to the integrated development of cruise vehicles and network cars.

　　3. Who will set the price? Do you have an invoice?

　　The pricing of cruise cars is guided by the government. The transportation department said that it will continuously improve the formation mechanism of cruise car freight rate and the linkage mechanism between freight rate and fuel price.

　　The freight rate of the network car is subject to market adjustment. The network car platform company issues a special invoice for taxis in this city, and there must be no unfair price behavior.

　　4. Who will supervise the problem?

　　The Transportation Management Bureau of the Municipal Communications Commission is responsible for regularly collecting the operation data of the network car platform and checking the collected data. The Traffic Law Enforcement Corps is responsible for organizing and implementing online and offline daily law enforcement inspections and administrative penalties for online car operation. At the same time, relevant departments such as municipal development and reform, public security, human resources and social security, environmental protection, commerce, industry and commerce, national taxation, local taxation, quality supervision, communications, business management department of the People’s Bank of China, network information and urban management law enforcement shall, according to their respective responsibilities, carry out relevant supervision and inspection on the operation of online car rental, and deal with illegal acts according to law.

　　The new regulations require the dynamic data of the network car platform company to access the supervision platform in real time, and strengthen the supervision of government departments on the whole process of enterprise business behavior and daily operation.

　　Quit if the service quality can’t meet the requirements. The city will also establish a bad record list system for network car platform companies and drivers, handle passenger complaints in a timely manner and expose serious violations of laws and regulations.

　　5. Who is responsible for the accident?

　　The network car platform company undertakes the carrier’s responsibility, safety production responsibility and corresponding social responsibility according to law, the safety management responsibility of vehicles and drivers and the stability responsibility of drivers, and buys relevant insurance to fulfill the carrier’s responsibility. Once an accident occurs, it has a clear responsibility subject to protect the legitimate rights and interests of passengers, drivers and other parties and reduce disputes.

　　Expert opinion

　　1. The core of the new regulations is to protect the interests of employees and passengers.

　　Xu Kangming, chief expert of deepening taxi reform in the Ministry of Transport, said that many people misunderstood during the consultation on the new regulations and thought that the management of online car rental was too strict. But in fact, the supervision mechanism of taxi industry has a characteristic, and strict supervision is more conducive to protecting relatively disadvantaged employees and passengers to a certain extent. The core point of this new regulation revision is also the protection of the interests of employees and passengers.

　　2. During the transition period, non-Beijing people should be strictly cleared to drive non-Beijing cars.

　　Sheng Tongxi, executive vice president of Beijing Taxi and Car Rental Association, believes that the transition period is the time to go through the formalities for people, cars and platforms that meet the requirements, and cars, people and platforms that do not meet the requirements during the period should be stopped immediately.

　　3. The big data of the network car should be released as soon as possible.

　　Chen Yanyan, a doctoral supervisor at Beijing University of Technology, believes that with the release of the detailed rules for the management of online car rides and standardized management, there should be more perfect research and analysis on big data, such as how many online car rides there are and the impact on road traffic, etc., which will be released to the public in time by government departments after analysis, and will be spoken with real data.

　　New rules for carpooling

　　Driving a Beijing train can spell two orders at most a day.

　　On December 21st, "Guiding Opinions on Private Car Sharing in Beijing" was released at the same time. Carpooling will also set a license plate limit in Beijing, and car owners can take up to two orders a day.

　　Private car sharing is also called carpooling and hitchhiking. The biggest difference from the online car ride is that it is a non-profit-making civil behavior, and it is a way of travel that reflects the sharing economy in the urban transportation field, which is conducive to alleviating urban traffic congestion and environmental pressure.

　　The new regulations specify that the vehicles accessing the platform must be the city’s number plate, and the frequency of carpooling of registered drivers should not exceed twice a day. The network car platform company shall not provide network car service in the name of hitchhiking, nor shall it conduct other illegal business activities in the name of hitchhiking.

　　The Municipal Transportation Commission explained that the regulation of limiting the frequency of carpooling is based on the actual situation that Beijing residents commute twice a day on average, and at the same time avoid engaging in illegal operations in the name of carpooling.

　　New rules of number reading

　　Network car:

　　Mandatory scrapping when the mileage reaches 600,000 kilometers. When the mileage has not reached 600,000 kilometers but the service life has reached 8 years, you will quit the network car operation.

　　Network car driver:

　　The qualification registration is valid for 3 years, and you can apply for renewal of registration.

　　Network car platform:

　　The business license is valid for 4 years, and can be extended after passing the examination, and each extension period is 4 years.

　　Investigate and deal with the service quality problems raised by passengers in time and give a reply within 10 days.

　　Vehicles connected to the platform shall be insured with compulsory insurance, third-party liability insurance with a compensation amount of not less than 1 million yuan and accidental injury insurance for passengers according to the insurance rate of passenger cars.

　　Punishment method

　　On December 21, the city did not separately issue penalties for online car booking, and all penalties will be based on the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Booking Taxi Management Services issued by seven ministries and commissions including the Ministry of Transport.

　　If you have not obtained a business license, you engage in or engage in online car business activities in disguise; Forge, alter or use the forged, altered or invalid Online Booking Taxi Transport Certificate and Online Booking Taxi Driver’s Certificate to engage in online car rental business activities, etc., and will face a fine of more than 10,000 yuan and less than 30,000 yuan, which constitutes a crime, and will also be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

　　If the service vehicle provided by the network car platform company fails to obtain the "Network Booking Taxi Transport Certificate", or if the online service vehicle is inconsistent with the offline actual service vehicle, it will face a fine of more than 5,000 yuan and less than 10,000 yuan each time; If the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than 10000 yuan but not more than 30000 yuan shall be imposed.

　　point out

　　The city implements "one-stop acceptance and full-time agency" for handling the relevant network car qualifications. From December 21st, applications for network car platforms and vehicles will be accepted at the transportation business window of the Municipal Government Affairs Service Center, and applications for network car drivers will be accepted at the official website of the Municipal Transportation Commission and the Municipal Transportation Examination Center (9 outlets).

　　The city has set a five-month transition period, and the network car platform companies, drivers and vehicles that have already started the network car business in this city shall go through the licensing procedures in accordance with the regulations. During this period, the platform should strengthen self-regulation, and vehicles and drivers who do not meet the qualification conditions should be withdrawn. (Liu Mian)

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, people begin to pay attention to how machines make moral decisions and how to quantify the expectations of society for ethical principles that guide machine behavior. Self-driving cars have started cruise testing on some roads, which requires human society to reach an agreement on the principles that should be applied when life-threatening traffic accidents inevitably occur. Any attempt to design artificial intelligence ethics must understand the public’s moral cognition. Therefore, reaching a consensus on this matter requires not only the discussion of engineers and ethicists, but also the opinions of future consumers.

In 2016, MIT deployed the online experimental platform "Moral Machine" to explore the moral dilemma faced by self-driving cars. Moral Machine is designed as a multilingual online "serious game", which is used to collect data around the world as much as possible, and to evaluate moral preferences by understanding how citizens want to solve moral problems in the case of inevitable accidents. The experimental results were published on the website of Nature in October 2018.

On the main interface of the moral machine, users can see the inevitable accident scene, which leads to two different results according to whether the self-driving car suddenly turns or continues to drive. Accident scenes are generated by moral machines, and the exploration strategies followed focus on nine factors: keeping human beings (or pets), keeping straight (or turning), protecting pedestrians (or passengers), protecting more lives (or fewer lives), protecting men (or women), protecting young people (or elderly people), protecting pedestrians (or jaywalkers) who cross the road legally, and protecting healthy people (people).

Moral machine dilemma. The self-driving car suddenly failed to brake. If you continue driving, one female athlete and one male athlete will die (left). Turning will lead to the death of a female athlete and an overweight man (right).

Based on the 40 million decisions made by millions of people from 233 countries and regions in 10 languages, the researchers described the experimental results from four aspects: first, summarizing the global moral preferences; Secondly, record the changes of personal preferences according to the demographic data of the respondents; Thirdly, the cross-cultural ethical differences are reported and three main national clusters are found. Fourthly, the analysis found the correlation between ethical differences and modern system and profound cultural characteristics.

The map of the world highlights the location of visitors to the moral machine. Each point represents the position where at least one visitor makes at least one decision (n = 3960 million). The number of visitors or decisions at each location are not shown.

Global preference

The survey results show that in the moral machine experiment, there are three very strong preferences, namely, protecting human beings instead of animals, protecting more lives and protecting young lives. In the researcher’s view, these three preferences should be considered by policy makers.

In 2017, the German Ethics Commission on Automated and Connected Driving put forward a set of ethical rules, which is the only attempt to provide official guidance for the ethical choice of autonomous vehicles. In Article 7 of this rule, it is clearly pointed out that in the case of dilemma, the protection of human life should take precedence over the protection of other animal lives. This rule is consistent with the social expectations shown in the survey results. Article 9 of this rule stipulates that any distinction based on personal characteristics (such as age) should be prohibited, which obviously conflicts with the tendency of protecting young lives in the investigation, showing the tension between public opinions and professional opinions.

Global preference icon.

individual difference

Through further analysis, the researcher completed the answers about age, education, gender, income, political and religious views to evaluate individual differences, so as to evaluate whether preferences are affected by these six characteristics.

It is found that individual variables have no significant influence on any of the nine factors. Among them, the most significant influence is determined by the gender and religious beliefs of the respondents. For example, male respondents have a low tendency to forgive women, and there is a weak correlation between religious beliefs and people’s tolerance tendency. On the whole, none of these six variables split their subgroups into opposite effect directions. Although there are some individual differences (for example, both male and female respondents expressed a preference for retaining women, but the latter showed a stronger preference), this is not the key information for policy makers.

Cultural cluster

Through geographical positioning, researchers can identify the country where the moral machine responders live, and look for national clusters with homogeneous moral tendencies. Through analysis, they divided these countries into three categories:

The first cluster (which researchers call the western cluster) includes Protestant, Catholic and Orthodox Christian cultural groups in the northern United States and many European countries. The internal structure of the cluster also shows a remarkable face validity, with a sub-cluster containing Scandinavian countries and a sub-cluster containing Commonwealth countries.

The second cluster (called Oriental Cluster by researchers) includes many countries and regions in the Far East, such as Japanese and Taiwan, China Confucian cultural groups, Indonesian Islamic countries, Pakistani and Saudi Arabia, and so on.

The third cluster (which researchers call a broad southern cluster) includes Latin American countries in Central America and South America, except some countries partially influenced by France.

This cluster model shows that geographical and cultural proximity may make people in some different countries and regions focus on the common preference for machine ethics. However, the differences between clusters may bring bigger problems: for example, for the eastern cluster, the preference to keep younger roles instead of older ones is much lower, while for the southern cluster, it is much higher, and the same is true for the preference to keep higher status roles; Compared with the other two clusters, the protection of human beings in the southern cluster countries is much weaker than that of pets. Only (weakly) tend not to let pedestrians pass passengers, and (moderately) tend not to let legal people pass illegal people, which seems to have the same degree of tendency in all groups.

Researchers believe that manufacturers and policy makers need to pay attention to the moral preferences of people in countries and regions where they design artificial intelligence systems and policies. Although the public’s moral preference is not necessarily the decisive factor in making moral policies, people’s willingness to buy self-driving cars and tolerate them on the road will depend on the adaptability of the moral rules adopted.

Forecast at the national level

Through further analysis, the researchers also found that the preferences revealed by the moral machine are highly related to the cultural and economic differences between countries and regions. The more culturally similar two countries or regions are, the more similar their choices in the moral machine are.

By observing the systematic differences between individualism culture and collectivism culture, we can find that the respondents from individualism culture emphasize the unique value of each person and show a strong tendency to protect more lives; Respondents from collectivist culture emphasize respect for older members, showing that they don’t like to protect young lives. Because policy makers need to consider the preference for protecting the majority and the preference for protecting the young, this split of individualism and collectivism culture may become an important obstacle to the general machine ethics.

Do policy makers need to consider whether those who cross the road illegally should receive the same protection as those who cross the road legally? Compared with other ethical priorities, should their protection priority be reduced? Through observation, it is found that participants from poorer and weaker countries and regions are more tolerant of pedestrians crossing the road illegally, probably because they have a lower degree of compliance with the rules and have a lighter punishment for violations.

In addition, people from economically unequal countries and regions treat the rich and the poor unequally in the moral machine, which can be explained by inequality infiltrating into people’s moral preferences; In almost all countries and regions, participants show a preference for women, but this preference is stronger in countries with better women’s health and survival prospects.

discuss

Although so far, human beings have never allowed a machine to decide who should live and who should die in an instant without real-time monitoring, it will happen in the most ordinary aspects of our lives in the near future. Before we allow cars to make ethical decisions, we need to have a global dialogue to express our preferences to the companies that design ethical algorithms and the policy makers who will supervise them.

The experiment of moral machine shows us three kinds of strong preferences of human beings in the face of extreme situations, which can be used as the cornerstone of discussing general machine ethics. The ambition and goal of this experiment are atypical. Researchers have reached a large number of participants by deploying a viral online platform. No previous study has tried to measure moral preferences by using a nine-dimensional experimental design in more than 200 countries. Although this method bypasses the difficulties of conventional research methods, it also leads to the defects that the sample cannot be fully matched with the social population of each country and region. However, from another perspective, the range of sample collection is those people who are close to the network and interested in technology. They are also more likely to participate in the early use of driverless cars, and the data is not meaningless.

The researchers point out that although we can make machines accurately follow moral preferences, we can’t reach a general consensus because even the strongest preferences expressed through moral machines show huge cultural differences. However, this does not mean that mankind’s journey to consensus machine ethics is doomed to failure from the beginning, because although we can’t deny that human beings will experience substantive difficulties such as internal conflicts, interpersonal differences and cultural differences in the moral field, these difficulties are not fatal. From the data, we find that many areas in the world still show some relatively consistent tendencies.

Although researchers have repeatedly stressed that the moral machine experiment aims to explore the moral dilemma faced by self-driving cars, it gives suggestions to future policy makers by studying the public’s moral preferences. However, many netizens said that the focus of this experiment does not seem to be on self-driving cars, but mainly on the exploration of the value system, decision-making priorities and processes of people participating in the test. On the one hand, this research result shows that it is difficult for human beings to reach an agreement on the correct answers to these questions, and it is very difficult to formulate laws and standards on these issues; On the other hand, it doesn’t reflect how people actually drive, and the stress response when they really face an accident can’t be well thought out like in the test. This is like a simple thought experiment, only a more complicated version of the tram problem. Some netizens also said that the most urgent task to deal with a series of problems that may be brought about by driverless cars on the road should be to reduce the accident rate; In addition, unmanned driving needs to be combined with the road traffic system to realize the complete separation of people and vehicles, and the problems faced in the experiment are no longer problems. These doubts also reflect from the side that many people are not ready to let machines decide the fate of mankind. At present, it seems that giving machines morality is beyond the range of human mind.