Ma Jiantang, member of the Standing Committee of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of the Economic Commission, said in an interview with reporters before the opening meeting of the Third Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee in Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference on March 4th that in order to develop the private economy, we must first adhere to the "two unswerving" principle and promote the mutual promotion, integration and common development of the state-owned economy and the private economy. Second, it is necessary to solve some problems that private entrepreneurs care about and need to be further implemented, such as protecting the legitimate rights and interests of private entrepreneurs and private enterprises more equally, so that they can operate and produce with peace of mind. Third, in order to solve the financing difficulties and expensive problems that private entrepreneurs care about, the key is to better solve the capital needs of a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises, and two aspects need to be done: on the one hand, the government should set up a platform for financial institutions to better understand the various credit conditions and needs of small and medium-sized private enterprises through credit platforms; On the other hand, to solve the capital problem of private enterprises, it is necessary to revitalize "triangular debts" and accounts receivable, otherwise it will affect the capital turnover of private enterprises. In addition, it is also necessary to ensure that enterprises of all forms of ownership treat each other equally and obtain factors of production fairly. (Securities Times)

The Regulations on Social Insurance Handling shall come into force on December 1st.

The Regulations on Social Insurance Handling shall come into force on December 1, 2023. The "Regulations" consists of 7 chapters and 63 articles, which mainly stipulate the following contents: First, closely follow the social insurance law and clarify the scope of adjustment of the regulations. These Regulations shall apply to the social insurance stipulated by the state, such as basic old-age insurance, basic medical insurance, industrial injury insurance, unemployment insurance and maternity insurance. The second is to clarify the responsibilities of the agency and strengthen service management supervision. Social insurance agencies are required to register and transfer social insurance relations, record and keep social insurance agency information, and timely approve and pay social insurance benefits. Require agencies to standardize social insurance handling services and management, and clarify the specific contents and requirements of social insurance handling supervision. The third is to reduce the proof materials and clarify the processing time limit. Strengthen the information sharing between relevant departments and agencies, clarify the relevant certification materials for enjoying social insurance benefits, shorten the time limit for handling social insurance, clarify the procedures for transferring social insurance relations, establish and improve the settlement system for medical expenses in different places, and require agencies to strengthen the construction of barrier-free environment to provide convenience for the elderly and the disabled. The fourth is to improve the management system and strengthen supervision measures. The fifth is to clarify legal responsibilities and severely punish illegal and criminal acts. Corresponding legal responsibilities are stipulated for illegal acts such as defrauding social insurance fund expenditures, concealing, transferring, embezzling, misappropriating social insurance funds or illegally investing in operations.

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Li Qiang signed the the State Council Order to promulgate the Regulations on Handling Social Insurance.

Conveniently enjoy social security benefits, and understand the latest regulations!

The Measures for the Administration of Food Business License and Filing shall come into force on December 1st.

The General Administration of Market Supervision promulgated the Measures for the Administration of Food Business License and Filing, which will take effect on December 1, 2023. The Measures consists of 9 chapters and 66 articles. The key contents include: implementing the relevant provisions of the newly revised Food Safety Law, adding a special chapter to clarify the specific requirements for only selling prepackaged foods for the record; On the basis of promoting the informatization construction of food business license and filing, we will further simplify the food business license process, reduce the time limit for license processing, and adjust some of them into reports according to the situation of license management to release the reform dividend. Further clarify the scope of handling food business license and the specific circumstances without obtaining food business license, and include chain headquarters and catering service management that are easy to lead to failure in practice and have urgent regulatory needs into the scope of business license. Reorganize the classification of food business license business items and main business formats, and clarify the specific classification situation and licensing and supervision requirements for each category, thus enhancing operability; In accordance with the relevant requirements of the Administrative Punishment Law, according to the facts, nature, circumstances and the degree of social harm of illegal acts, penalties with different ranges are set, and flexible measures such as ordering correction within a time limit are set for illegal acts that can be corrected.

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Important! "Food business license and filing management measures" announced.

China has tried a unilateral visa-free policy for six countries including France and Germany.

In order to further promote the exchange of Chinese and foreign personnel, serve high-quality development and open to the outside world at a high level, China has decided to expand the scope of unilateral visa-free countries on a trial basis, and try out unilateral visa-free policies for ordinary passport holders in six countries: France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and Malaysia. During the period from December 1, 2023 to November 30, 2024, people with ordinary passports from the above-mentioned countries can come to China for business, sightseeing, visiting relatives and friends and transit for less than 15 days, and they can enter the country without a visa. Those who do not meet the visa-free conditions in the above countries still need to complete their visas to China before entering the country.

The new permanent resident identity card for foreigners will be issued and put into use on December 1st.

On September 15th, the National Immigration Bureau announced that a new version of the permanent residence identity card for foreigners in the People’s Republic of China will be officially issued from December 1st, 2023, and a new version of the permanent residence card will be released at the same time. After the new version of the permanent residence card is put into use, the current version of the permanent residence card can still be used within the validity period, and the holder can apply for a new version of the permanent residence card in due course according to personal needs.

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The State Administration of Immigration issued a new version of foreigners’ permanent residence identity cards.

The Measures for the Supervision and Administration of the Quality and Safety of the Marketing of Edible Agricultural Products shall come into force as of December 1st.

The General Administration of Market Supervision promulgated the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of the Quality and Safety of the Marketing of Edible Agricultural Products, which will take effect on December 1, 2023. The main contents of the Measures include: strengthening the food safety responsibilities of market promoters and sellers, requiring market promoters to perform management obligations such as registration and filing, signing agreements, and entrance inspection of sellers, and sellers to perform main responsibilities such as incoming inspection, regular inspection, and labeling information. According to the relevant provisions of the Law on Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, the "Measures" list the certificate of compliance as one of the valid certificates for the inspection of edible agricultural products, and encourage the priority procurement of edible agricultural products with certificates; At the same time, it is clearly put forward that on the basis of strict implementation of food safety standards, sales enterprises of edible agricultural products should be encouraged to promote the high-quality development of edible agricultural products by applying recommended national standards, industry standards and group standards. The "Measures" aim at the problem that the masses reflect that "fresh lamps" mislead consumers, and increase the requirements for the setting and use of lighting facilities in sales places; Clear fresh-cut fruits and vegetables and other ready-to-eat agricultural products should do a good job in food safety protection to prevent cross-contamination.

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Heavy! Decree No.81 of the General Administration of Taxation was promulgated.

The Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Toothpaste will be implemented on December 1st.

The General Administration of Market Supervision issued the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Toothpaste (Order No.71 of the State Administration of Market Supervision), which will take effect on December 1, 2023. The Measures standardize the efficacy management and labeling requirements of toothpaste, clarify the contents that toothpaste should be labeled and prohibited, and standardize the scope and terminology of efficacy claims. The Measures stipulate that toothpaste should be put on record, new toothpaste materials should be registered or put on record according to the degree of risk, and a safety monitoring system should be implemented. Continue to use the existing toothpaste production license system, issue cosmetics production licenses for toothpaste production, and minimize the impact on the industry on the basis of ensuring product quality and safety.

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Decree No.71 of the General Administration! The new regulation of toothpaste is coming.

The national standard of "courtyard awning" has been implemented since December 1.

The guiding technical document of national standardization of courtyard awning has been implemented since December 1, 2023. The formulation and promulgation of this document will fill the gap of the lack of standards and specifications for this kind of products, which is conducive to the improvement of the quality of courtyard awning products and the development of the industry, and provide guarantee for the export of enterprises. For the first time, the document specifies the courtyard awning in detail in terms of product classification, raw materials, appearance, product integrity, size, performance requirements and safety requirements.

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Reading a Picture | National Standard "Courtyard Canopy"

On May 30th, the 59th ISC2022 (International Supercomputing Conference) released the latest TOP500 list. The "Frontier" of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Tennessee, USA, scored 1.102 exaflops, becoming the first supercomputer to truly break through the Exascale mark.

And in this list,China’s Shenwei Taihu Lake Light ranks sixth, and Tianhe No.2 ranks ninth, which is lower than that of previous years, and its computing power is not as good as one tenth of that of the United States.?

Supercomputing has long been regarded as one of the symbols of comprehensive national strength. Because the computing power far exceeds that of ordinary computers, the application scenarios of supercomputing include nuclear explosion test, weather forecast, astrophysical simulation, cryptanalysis and other fields.

The TOP500 list is compiled by the international organization "TOP500", which ranks the installed supercomputers in the world and is published once every six months. It is worth mentioning that the TOP500 is ranked according to the calculation speed, that is, how many floating-point operations can be performed per second.

So, has China’s supercomputing power fallen behind?

The number of China supercomputers entering the TOP500 ranks first in the world.

To see the strength of a country’s supercomputer, in addition to the calculation speed of a single supercomputer, it also depends on the number of supercomputers that a country can list.

This time, a total of 173 supercomputers in China entered the TOP500 list, accounting for 34.6% of the world, ranking first;The second-ranked United States has 128 supercomputers on the shortlist, accounting for 25.6%; In Japan, which ranked third, 33 entered the list, accounting for 6.6%.?

Actually, fromSince 2016, the number of Chinese super-calculations entering the TOP500 list has basically remained in the first place in the world except for a slight decline in June 2017.

Compared with Europe, America, Japan and other countries, China started late in supercomputing. In June 1995, China’s supercomputer first appeared in the TOP500 list. In the next 17 years, the number of supercomputers entering the TOP500 list in China has been rising, with a maximum of 228, accounting for 45.6% of the list.

?

The number of Americans entering the list has dropped significantly compared with the peak.

But after 2016, China and the United States are catching up with each other, which can be described as "two men competing for hegemony", and almost take turns to be the champion and runner-up in the number of super-calculations.

China has not submitted the test data of the E-class prototype.

From the speed of single supercomputer, China was the first frequent visitor.

2010In 2006, China’s "Tianhe II" was born and won the first place in the list, which is also the first place in China’s supercomputer.

However, in the latest super-calculation ranking, China ranked out of the top five. Among them, Shenwei Taihu Light ranked sixth, and Tianhe No.2 ranked ninth.

Compared with previous years, China’s ranking is indeed much lower, and it is not high compared with other supercomputers in the list, even less than one tenth of the "frontier" of the United States.

What is the reason?

If we study this list carefully, we will find that China’s super-calculated production time is really a little "long" compared with other countries.

This is not only reflected in this year’s list. In the previous eight lists released by TOP500, the production time of Shenwei Taihu Light and Tianhe 2, the top ten in China, was 2016 and 2018 respectively.

Supercomputers from other countries in the top ten on the list were almost all produced in the past two years. For example, the "frontier" where the United States won the title in 2022 was produced and delivered in 2021, while the "Fuyue" where Japan won the title in 2021 and 2020 was produced and delivered in 2020.

In the field of supercomputing, a year and a half can differ by an era. For example, the "frontier" of the US hegemony isThe first supercomputer that really broke through the Exascale mark, its performance reached 1.102exaflops, which also marked a new era of supercomputing.The arrival of e-class supercomputer.

In addition to the "frontier", the United States also has two E-class supercomputers, "Aurora" and "Emirates Rock", which are also under construction.

So, is China lagging behind in the field of E-class supercomputer? This is not the case.

As early as 2016, Zhongke Shuguang officially launched the development project of E-class supercomputer. In 2018, Tianhe No.3 prototype and Shenwei E-class prototype began to enter the host R&D and deployment. In 2018, CCTV also disclosed that the prototype of "Tianhe No.3" passed the acceptance test, and its computing power reached E level. At present, three prototype systems with different technical routes have been delivered in China: Shenwei E-class prototype, Tianhe-3 E-class prototype and Shuguang E-class prototype.

However, China did not submit the test data of the E-class prototype this time. Many foreign media infer that the peak value of Shenwei E-class supercomputer on HPL benchmark is about 1.3 exaflops/1.05 exaflops, while Tianhe No.3 can reach the peak value of 1.7 exaflops /1.3 exaflops, both exceeding Frontier’s 1.102 exaflops.

Looking at the mystery behind the list from the super-calculation suppliers

The question is: why don’t we take the latest supercomputer and American PK?

This is a bit complicated to say.

The above picture is a comparison between China and the United States of the global supercomputer suppliers. It can be found that,The number of over-calculated suppliers in China is getting less and less in TOP500.From 2021, there are only six left, even lower than the seven in 2010. In the TOP500 list released in November 2016, the number of super-calculated suppliers in China has reached 11, which is very small compared with the United States.

On the contrary, American Supercomputer has more and more suppliers.In recent two years, the number of suppliers is even more than twice that of China.

In addition, China suppliers who have appeared in the TOP500 in recent years are still old faces. For example, Lenovo, which has won the first place for many times, has participated in the manufacturing and deployment of 161 supercomputers, accounting for 32.2% in the world; There are 50 finalists in Inspur, accounting for 10%, ranking third; Shuguang ranked fifth with 36 units, accounting for 7.2%; Huawei ranked tenth with 1.4%.

Why are there fewer and fewer super-calculated suppliers in China on the list?

On the one hand, China relies less and less on multinational companies in supercomputing.After 2016, companies such as IBM, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, etc. appear less and less frequently among China’s supercomputing suppliers. Since 2021, only our own companies and institutions remain in the list of supercomputing suppliers in China, including Lenovo, Zhongke Shuguang, Inspur, National University of Defense Technology, National Center for Parallel Computer Engineering and Technology (NRCPC) and Huawei.

On the other hand, the TOP500 on the list is more likely to be included in the entity list by the US.

On April 8, 2021, Tianjin Feiteng Information Technology Company, Shanghai Integrated Circuit Technology and Industry Promotion Center, Sunway Microelectronics, National Supercomputing Jinan Center, National Supercomputing Shenzhen Center, National Supercomputing Wuxi Center and National Supercomputing Zhengzhou Center were blacklisted by the United States; In June 2019, the United States included Zhongke Shuguang, Haiguang, Chengdu Haiguang, Chengdu Haiguang Microelectronics Technology and Jiangnan Computing Technology Research Institute in the entity list; Back in 2015, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha National Supercomputing Center, Guangzhou National Supercomputing Center (NSCC-GZ) and Tianjin National Supercomputing Center were listed by the United States. Being included in the list of entities means that the above-mentioned companies must obtain permission from the US government before doing business with American companies, and the United States intends to fundamentally prohibit these companies from acquiring almost all advanced technologies developed in the United States.

Lin Xinhua, deputy director of the Network Information Center of Shanghai Jiaotong University and an HPC expert, said that TOP500 has become a de facto entity list. "Entering TOP500 is to promote international cooperation, but the result is counterproductive."

This is why China will no longer provide the latest data of supercomputing after 2020.

Looking at the rankings in recent years, the real players in the field of supercomputing are actuallyUnited States, China and Japan.And the ranking will not change much in a short time.

Under the background that the US government has repeatedly generalized the concept of national security, abused state power, abused the list of entities, and suppressed China’s high-tech enterprises maliciously by all means in order to safeguard its own monopoly and hegemonic position in science and technology and curb China’s development,It may be a kind of wisdom to choose the angle of exposure in the list.