[Li Xiang China] Adhere to and apply scientific thinking methods in the great practice of the new era.

　　Author: Dean, Professor and Doctoral Supervisor of School of Marxism, Tianjin University, and Yan Xiaofeng, Vice President of China Historical Materialism Society.

　　The scientific thinking method is an important aspect of the world outlook and methodology of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, and it is a clear embodiment of the Marxist standpoint, viewpoint and method. In the great practice of the new era, the Supreme Leader General Secretary insisted on the scientific thinking method, made profound thinking and scientific judgment on a series of major theoretical and practical issues related to the development of the cause of the party and the country in the new era, and put forward a series of original new ideas, new ideas and new strategies for governing the country, which promoted the improvement of the thinking level and practical ability of the whole party and provided world outlook and methodological guidance for upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

　　Strategic thinking with far-sightedness and overall situation.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Strategy is to make judgments and decisions from the overall situation, long-term and general trend." Strategic thinking is a kind of thinking ability to plan the overall situation, grasp the fundamentals, focus on the long-term and weigh the advantages and disadvantages. It is a macroscopic, systematic, predictable and competitive thinking activity. Strategic thinking requires correctly grasping and handling the relationship between the whole and the local, the main and the secondary, the present and the future, the goal and the means, the desire and the possibility, the benefit and the cost. Strategic thinking ability is the ability to analyze and solve problems from a global, long-term and macro perspective; It is the ability to focus on the big picture, start small, plan ahead and strategize; It is the ability to grasp the main contradiction, control the changing situation and solve complex contradictions. Strategic issues are of high level, wide area, many contradictions and large variables, which determines that the vision of strategic thinking must be wide. Only by being broad can we have a comprehensive and unobstructed view of the chest; In order to gain insight into the general trend, "not afraid of floating clouds to cover your eyes"; In order to distinguish the distance, the size and the priority.

　　The strategic issue is the fundamental issue of a political party and a country, and being good at strategic thinking is a fundamental requirement. In the new era and new journey, China’s development faces new strategic opportunities, new strategic tasks, new strategic stages, new strategic requirements and new strategic environment, which puts forward new and higher requirements for strategic thinking ability. Upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, building a socialist modern power and building a Marxist political party that has been in power for a long time are all extremely strategic and important topics, which need to be understood and grasped with far-sighted and overall strategic thinking, and are an excellent opportunity to temper and deepen strategic thinking. This requires accurate judgment on the overall strategic situation, clarifying the relationship mechanism of various complicated factors and providing scientific basis for strategic decision-making; Plan scientifically in the overall strategic situation, look at problems, think about problems and solve problems strategically, and formulate strategies and tactics that correctly guide the overall situation; Be good at winning the initiative in the overall strategic situation. If you win strategically, you will win at the beginning. The historical initiative is the strategic initiative first.

　　The strategic thinking of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era is embodied in a series of original new ideas, ideas and strategies for governing the country. To coordinate the overall situation of the great rejuvenation strategy of the Chinese nation and the unprecedented changes in the world in the past century, to coordinate the prevention and control of epidemic situation, economic and social development, and to coordinate development and security. The Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era is a model for observing, thinking and handling problems from the perspective of the forefront of the times and the overall strategic situation, and promoting all work and achieving strategic breakthroughs in grasping the overall strategic situation. The strategic thinking of coordinating major practices is manifested in thinking and planning the overall situation of the great rejuvenation strategy of the Chinese nation in the context of the unprecedented changes in the world in the past century, making full use of the favorable conditions brought by the great changes in the past century to the new journey of national rejuvenation, seeking fortune, taking the lead and opening up new opportunities; It is manifested in adhering to the people first and life first, insisting on external defense input and internal defense rebound, insisting on dynamic zero clearing, constantly adjusting epidemic prevention and control measures according to the situation, and coordinating economic development and epidemic prevention and control to achieve the best results in the world; It is manifested in putting forward the overall national security concept, ensuring high-level security with high-quality development, ensuring high-quality development with high-level security, and making safe development run through all fields and the whole process of national development.

　　Historical thinking of taking history as a mirror and creating the future

　　"Historians, so Mingfu’s way of governing the world is also." History is the best teacher and the most vivid textbook. Historical thinking is a way of thinking that respects history, thinks about history, summarizes historical experience and grasps historical laws. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "When everything goes forward, we must not forget the road we have traveled; No matter how far you go, you can’t forget the past and why you started. " This is a vivid expression of historical thinking. Historical thinking requires linking history, reality and the future, reflecting reality and looking into the future with history, and establishing the concept of the unity of historical continuity and stage, gradualism and leap, continuity and innovation; It is required to grasp the mainstream and tributaries, essence and phenomenon, universality and particularity of history, and to distinguish the differences and connections among them, so as to prevent the tendency of generalizing the whole and taking the last generation as the foundation.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attaches great importance to learning from history, emphasizes historical thinking and demands firm historical self-confidence. The great practice of the new era has put forward a large number of theoretical and practical topics that need to be answered urgently. It is even more necessary to learn from history, create the future, and draw wisdom and strength from history, especially the struggle of the party. As the largest Marxist ruling party in the world, how can our party stand the test of long-term governance, jump out of the historical cycle rate and unite and lead the people to achieve their goals? We must Do not forget your initiative mind, continue to advance, inherit and carry forward the spiritual pedigree with the great spirit of party building as its source, and keep the fine tradition of innocence and sustainability forever. Learning history can be reasonable, and history is a mirror, which vividly shows the laws of history; Learning history can increase trust, and the Communist Party of China (CPC) won the victory of revolution and war under extremely difficult and difficult conditions by the power of faith; Learning history is beneficial to respecting morality. Outstanding figures in the history of the Chinese nation and heroic martyrs in the history of the party have all set up monuments of personality. Learning history promotes practice, and history records the achievements left by pioneers and strugglers, and future generations should create new achievements.

　　To establish historical thinking, an important requirement is to carry forward the historical initiative. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Historical development has its laws, but people are not completely passive in it. As long as we grasp the law and general trend of historical development, seize the opportunity of historical change, follow the trend and work hard, we will be able to make better progress. " Carrying forward the historical initiative spirit in the great practice of the new era is manifested in consciously following the historical laws and promoting historical changes according to historical materialism; It is manifested in a profound insight into the historical trend and a good grasp of the historical trend at each stage; It is manifested in the accurate grasp of historical opportunities, and it is more strategic and plastic to recognize opportunities clearly; Shown in the resolute removal of historical obstacles, the real knife and gun promoted reform.

　　Dialectical thinking of grasping contradictions and promoting transformation

　　The embodiment of materialist dialectics in thinking activities is dialectical thinking mode. Dialectical thinking requires observing things, analyzing problems and solving problems with an objective, developing, comprehensive and systematic view in cognitive and practical activities, and avoiding subjective, static, one-sided, extreme and fragmented thinking modes. The essence of dialectical thinking is contradictory thinking, and the core requirement is to grasp the connection, unity, dependence and transformation of contradictions in the contradiction of various things. Dialectical thinking requires accurately grasping the internal relationship between universality and particularity of contradictions, seeing that universality exists in particularity, and particularity contains universality, not separating them, and embarking on a broad road with universal significance in the exploration of independent and independent ways. Dialectical thinking requires adhering to the unity of two-point theory and key theory, grasping the main aspects of contradictions, while not ignoring the secondary aspects of contradictions, and grasping the transformation of primary and secondary aspects of contradictions in time.

　　When Socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era, faced with many profound and complicated contradictions, it put forward more important requirements for persisting in and making good use of dialectical thinking. In the field of economic construction, handle the relationship between growth rate and development quality. In the field of political construction, we should properly handle the relationship between the form and content of socialist democracy, develop people’s democracy in the whole process, and realize the organic unity of democratic form and content. In the field of cultural construction, we should properly handle the relationship between advanced socialist culture, revolutionary culture and Chinese excellent traditional culture, promote the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese excellent traditional culture, and unify it with Socialism with Chinese characteristics culture. In the field of social construction, we should properly handle the relationship between economic development and social stability, support long-term social stability with rapid economic development, and ensure rapid economic development with long-term social stability. In the field of ecological civilization construction, we should properly handle the relationship between protecting the ecological environment and developing productive forces, adhere to Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, and never exchange temporary economic growth at the expense of the environment.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has made many important expositions on adhering to dialectical thinking, which is full of the wisdom of materialist dialectics. For example, it is required to correctly handle the relationship between efficiency and fairness in solidly promoting common prosperity, and it is emphasized that common prosperity is the common prosperity of all people, the material and spiritual life of the people, not the prosperity of a few people, nor is it uniform egalitarianism. Another example is to correctly handle the relationship between vitality and order in socialist modernization. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "A modern society should be full of vitality and good order, showing the organic unity of vitality and order." An important requirement for coordinating vitality and order is that between management and release, we should be free to put it back and forth according to time, place and situation.

　　Innovative thinking that dares to explore and lead the times.

　　"the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Resolution on the Great Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party’s Centennial Struggle" points out: "Innovation is an inexhaustible motive force for the development and progress of a country and a nation." Human practice is a process of constant innovation, and innovation is the essence of practice. Innovative thinking is the way of thinking to pursue innovation, guide innovation and promote innovation. On the basis of conventional thinking and problem solving, innovative thinking dares to go beyond convention, open up new paths and put forward new creative ideas. Innovative thinking has broken through the general level of understanding, found the connection between things that have not been discovered before, and found a breakthrough in innovation in the fields that are used to it. Innovative thinking is not only a reflection of the objective world, but more importantly, it is to build new things and new methods by thinking. Innovative thinking is not arbitrary and groundless, but opens up possible creative space between reality and impossibility. Innovation originates from problems, and innovation exists in the process of solving problems. Innovative thinking requires never being rigid and stagnant, getting rid of ruthlessness and rigid thinking, breaking the shackles of experience, books and authority, being the first and pioneering.

　　Contemporary China is experiencing the most grand and unique practical innovation in human history. Such times conditions will inevitably call for innovative thinking, and it is also necessary to strengthen innovative thinking. The great changes in the world in the past century are unprecedented, and the strategic opportunities and risk challenges in the critical period of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation are unprecedented. Only by grasping this "most grand and unique" object with innovative thinking, constantly promoting theoretical innovation and putting forward original ideas in the new era and new journey can we lead the great practice in the new era and achieve the goal. Promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese modernization embodies Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s innovative thinking in the new era, which transcends western modernization models and standards. Building a community of human destiny has become a clear banner leading the trend of the times and the direction of human progress, which reflects the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s innovative thinking in answering the question of "Where is the world going?".

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "Insist on emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, and being upright and innovative." This embodies the essence of innovative thinking in Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, which runs through the supreme leader in the new era. The expression of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts and being upright and innovative not only integrates the more prominent spirit of being upright and innovative with the spirit of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts in the new era, but also forms innovative thinking with the connotation of the new era. Emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts all require integrity and innovation, which should be reflected in integrity and innovation; Adhering to the principle of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, while emphasizing emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, is to maintain mutual connection and transformation between upholding integrity and innovation, enriching the connotation of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts.

　　Adhering to the unity of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, being upright and innovating embodies a historical thinking, that is, persisting in inheriting and carrying forward the party’s historical experience, and continuing to write a new chapter in history, which is a reflection of a high degree of historical consciousness and confidence; It embodies a dialectical thinking, that is, the unity of materialism and dialectics, respect for reality without rigidity, the unity of epistemology and values, the unity of integrity and innovation, which is the premise of innovation and the pursuit of integrity; It embodies a kind of practical thinking, which is to adhere to the problem-oriented and focus on solving contradictions; It embodies an innovative thinking, that is, accurately recognizing changes, scientifically adapting to changes, and actively seeking changes to create more impressive human miracles.

　　Rule of law thinking of governing the country according to law and modern governance

　　The rule of law is the basic way of governing the country. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "The fact of the development of human society proves that governance according to law is the most reliable and stable governance. We must be good at using the rule of law thinking and the rule of law to govern. " The root of the rule of law thinking is that any organization or individual must respect the constitutional legal authority and must not have the privilege beyond the constitutional law; Activities within the scope of constitutional law are never allowed to substitute words for laws, suppress laws and bending the law in any form under any pretext; In exercising rights and performing duties or obligations in accordance with the constitutional laws, there can be no laws that are not complied with, the law enforcement is lax, the justice is unfair, and the law is not investigated.

　　The supreme leader’s thought of rule of law profoundly answers a series of important questions, such as why and how to govern the country in an all-round way in the new era, and contains extremely rich and profound thinking of rule of law. Strengthening the thinking of the rule of law is an inevitable requirement for comprehensively promoting the rule of law. To promote the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity, the basic project is to build a China ruled by law. The rule of law and the rule of man is a basic problem in the history of human political civilization, and it is also an important problem that all countries must face and solve in the process of realizing modernization. The rule of law prospers the country, and the rule of law declines the country. Entering a new era, ruling the country in an all-round way according to law plays a more prominent role in the overall work of the party and the state.

　　The most important thing to strengthen the rule of law thinking is to seize the "key minority" of leading cadres. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "Leading cadres should transform their respect for the rule of law and reverence for the law into ways of thinking and behavior, so that they can think, make decisions and do things under the rule of law, not outside the rule of law, not above the rule of law." Leading cadres at all levels should have awe of the law, keep in mind that the legal red line is insurmountable and the legal bottom line is untouchable, take the lead in respecting and fearing the law, take the lead in obeying the law, defend the rule of law, and take the lead in enforcing the rule of law and doing things according to law. Leading cadres should also be good at usage and consciously improve their ability to use legal thinking and the rule of law to deepen reform, promote development, resolve contradictions, maintain stability and cope with risks.

　　Guard against risks and master active bottom line thinking.

　　It is an important principle of our party to strengthen the sense of hardship and be prepared for danger in times of peace. The sense of hardship is the premise of bottom line thinking, which takes the object of hardship as the bottom line. "The wise guard against disasters before they sprout, and the wise plan for the future." The bottom line thinking grasps the boundary of the nature of things, keeps the nature of things unchanged, prevents the breakthrough of the bottom line, and tries its best to hold the bottom line. Adhere to the bottom line thinking, that is, objectively understand the boundaries of things, seek truth from facts, analyze specific situations, and accurately determine the boundaries of reality; Everything is prepared from the disadvantages, strive for the best results, seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, and firmly grasp the initiative; On the premise of not missteping, missteping or losing, we should focus on creating more development space, faster development pace and more development benefits; Know the harm that may be caused by breaking the bottom line, be prepared, prevent problems before they happen, lay out in advance, and be calm; Grasp the general trend, control risks, grasp the overall situation, and be mentally prepared to deal with the most severe situation.

　　The new era emphasizes the bottom line thinking, which is an inherent requirement to deal with major risk challenges. The more the historical process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation advances, the more "black swan" and "grey rhinoceros" incidents will occur, and the more we should be prepared to deal with unpredictable risks and challenges with great uncertainty in time. Therefore, we must always keep a clear head, tread on thin ice, improve the plan to deal with various risk challenges, and "think about it before it happens", and never make strategic and subversive mistakes on major issues. With a highly conscious bottom line thinking and corresponding countermeasures, even if storms and stormy waves come, they can survive and get by. Bottom-line thinking is a necessary condition for turning crisis into opportunity and turning crisis into safety. Only by always being vigilant and cautious can we effectively deal with the crisis when it occurs. Everything is transformed into each other under certain conditions. It is precisely because of the shortcomings, strong and weak items, solid floor, and strong advantages that the disadvantages can be turned into advantages and disadvantages into advantages.

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that the bottom line thinking has far-reaching strategic considerations, and pointed out: "We should prevent and control all kinds of risks, but we should focus on preventing and controlling the overall risks that may delay or interrupt the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. This is the fundamental meaning that I have always emphasized." Realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the unswerving goal of generations of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people and the historical mission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people in the new era. Now, the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered an irreversible historical process. We are closer, more confident and capable of achieving the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation than at any time in history, and we must also be prepared to make more arduous and arduous efforts. In the critical period of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we should not only push forward the new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and March towards the goal of the second century, but also stabilize, defend and strengthen the bottom line, firmly safeguard the security of state power, system and ideology, and strictly guard against and severely crack down on infiltration, sabotage, subversion and separatist activities by hostile forces.